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101.
102.
基于余震序列分布信息的地震极灾区快速判断方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用震级加权标准差椭圆法研究了基于震后短期内(24 h)余震序列判定地震极灾区的方法,研究结果表明:1利用该方法判断宏观震中是一种比较可行的方法,不同震源破裂方式的震例利用该方法判断宏观震中的精度不同,倾滑-近倾滑型破裂方式的震例利用余震序列判定宏观震中的精度最高;2整体上看,利用该方法判断极灾区长轴方向的准确性低于利用距震中最近活动断裂判断的准确性,但对于倾滑-近倾滑型破裂方式的震例,利用该方法的准确性高于利用断层数据判定的准确性。 相似文献
103.
Xi Yang Ping Xie Yunzhen Yu Hong Shen Xuwei Deng Zhimei Ma Peili Wang Min Tao Yuan Niu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
We conducted an experiment to study the interaction effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on off-flavors in an algae/bacteria co-culture system at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32°C). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to measure off-flavor compounds dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), 2-methylisoborneol, geosmin (GEO) and β-cyclocitral. During the lag phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (first 15 days), P. pseudoalcaligenes significantly increased the production of DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral at all three temperatures. In the exponential phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa (after 15 days), M. aeruginosa became the main factor on off-flavors in the co-culture system, and β-cyclocitral turned to the highest off-flavor compound. These results also indicated that DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral were the main off-flavor compounds in our M. aeruginosa/P. pseudoalcaligenes co-culture system. Univariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes on the production of off-flavors. The results demonstrated that both M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes could increase the production of DMS and DMTS, while β-cyclocitral was mainly determined by M. aeruginosa. Our results also provide some insights into understanding the relationship between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. 相似文献
104.
Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China
Shouliang Huo Jingtian Zhang Kevin M. Yeager Beidou Xi Yanwen Qin Zhuoshi He Fengchang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT1.92 > DGT0.78 > DGT0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments. 相似文献
105.
Xi Yang Ping Xie Yunzhen Yu Hong Shen Xuwei Deng Zhimei M Peili Wang Min Tao Yuan Niu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(5):38-43
We conducted an experiment to study the interaction effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on off-flavors in an algae/bacteria co-culture system at three temperatures(24, 28 and 32℃). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to measure off-flavor compounds dimethyl sulfide(DMS), dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS),2-methylisoborneol, geosmin(GEO) and β-cyclocitral. During the lag phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa(first 15 days), P. pseudoalcaligenes significantly increased the production of DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral at all three temperatures. In the exponential phase of co-cultured M. aeruginosa(after 15 days), M. aeruginosa became the main factor on off-flavors in the co-culture system, and β-cyclocitral turned to the highest off-flavor compound. These results also indicated that DMS, DMTS and β-cyclocitral were the main off-flavor compounds in our M. aeruginosa/P. pseudoalcaligenes co-culture system. Univariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes on the production of off-flavors. The results demonstrated that both M. aeruginosa and P. pseudoalcaligenes could increase the production of DMS and DMTS, while β-cyclocitral was mainly determined by M. aeruginosa. Our results also provide some insights into understanding the relationship between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. 相似文献
106.
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108.
洞穴次生化学碳酸盐沉积物-石笋的气候替代指标的意义与不确定性因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
洞穴次生化学碳酸盐(CaCO3)沉积物-石笋、钙华和流石,是一个具有丰富的陆地古气候信息的档案库。洞穴碳酸盐(CaCO3)-石笋古环境重建常用的代用指标有碳、氧稳定同位素、生长速度、纹层厚度和灰度、有机质荧光、微量元素等,利用多种替代指标的环境解译,增加了古气候环境重建的可靠性。本文从测年方法和石笋年代学的研究入手,对石笋的生长速度,沉积速率、纹层厚度、稳定同位素、微量元素等各代用指标指代的气候意义进行了简述,同时,也对洞穴次生化学碳酸盐(CaCO3)沉积物-石笋中各单一代用指标存在的不确定性影响因素进行了探讨。因此,我们认为洞穴动态监测可为洞穴碳酸盐(CaCO3)沉积物的各替代指标的解译提供可靠的依据,充分利用现代洞穴监测的碳酸盐(CaCO3)沉积物的各替代指标,并与现代器测气象资料进行相互对比、并用以校正,是精确或定量解释石笋气候替代指标的关键。 相似文献
109.
为研究甘肃南部城镇PM2.5及水溶性离子(WSIIs)浓度水平,于2019年4月—2020年2月在甘肃成县按季度进行PM2.5样品采集,分析了其变化特征,并运用相关和主成分分析法进行来源解析.结果表明:采样期间甘肃成县PM2.5年平均质量浓度为(57.2±26.9) μg·m-3,表现为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的季节变化特征,冬季质量浓度约为夏季的1.9倍,全年空气质量优良率为81%,其中夏季达100%.WSIIs质量浓度呈现SO42->NO3->Na+>NH4+>Ca2+> K+>Cl->Mg2+的特征.SNA是浓度水平最高的3种水溶性离子,占8种主要水溶性离子浓度的70.1%.ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)平均值为0.6,表明工农业生产及化石燃料燃烧排放等固定源是颗粒物污染的主要来源.新型冠状病毒疫情期间人员管控对PM2.5和水溶性离子中SNA质量浓度影响显著,PM2.5平均质量浓度降幅达44.2%.源解析表明,PM2.5中WSIIs主要来自化石燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧及二次源和道路建筑扬尘等. 相似文献
110.
Xi Zhang Jinhe Wang Kai Zhang Xiaona Shang Masahide Aikaw Guanhua Zhou Jie Li Huanhuan Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):354-364
To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution, year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing from January to December, 2016. The sampled atmospheric particles all presented bimodal size distribution at four pollution levels (clear, slight pollution, moderate pollution and severe pollution), and peak values appeared at the size range of 0.7-2.1 μm and >9.0 μm, respectively. As dominant particle compositions, NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+ in four pollution levels all showed significant peaks in fine mode, especially at the size range of 1.1-2.1 μm. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 67.6% (36.3% (secondary sulfates) + 31.3% (secondary nitrates)) of the total sources of fine particles in urban Beijing. Severe pollution of fine particles was mainly caused by the air masses transported from nearby western and southern areas, which are industrial and densely populated region, respectively. Sensitivity tests further revealed that the control measures focusing on ammonium emission reduction was the most effective for particle pollution mitigation, and fine particles all showed nonlinear responses after reducing ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, with the fitting curves of y = -120.8x - 306.1x2 + 290.2x3, y = -43.5x - 67.8x2, and y = -25.8x - 110.4x2 + 7.6x3, respectively (y and x present fine particle mass variation (μg/m3) and concentration reduction ratio (CRR)/100 (dimensionless)). Overall, our study presents useful information for understanding the characteristics of atmospheric inorganic aerosols in urban Beijing, as well as offers policy makers with effective measure for mitigating particle pollution. 相似文献