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971.
Jinzhong LI Xueju LI Shujuan SUN Xuegong LIU Suiliang HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):573-584
A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed (CSPB) which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper. This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth, impaired water transparency, algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer, which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte. This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin, China, revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%–35%, 35%–40%, 30%–40% respectively in the growing season (from March to October) and 5%–10%, 5%–15%, 7%–20% respectively in the winter (from November to February) when the detention time was 6 d. The relationships between the concentration of COD, TN, TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination (R 2) were all above 0.9. The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature. When the water temperature was quite low or quite high, k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature. While when the temperature was in a moderate range, an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k . 相似文献
972.
为研究有机氯农药在食物中的残留及人群的摄食暴露,在2015年5月采集了南京市居民普遍食用的10种蔬菜,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测。研究表明滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)在蔬菜中均有检出,∑DDTs的残留量为1.78～5.29 ng·g-1,∑HCHs的残留量为0.21～4.77 ng·g-1,其中∑10OCPs (有机氯农药)含量最高的蔬菜是藕(10.07 ng·g-1),含量最低的是青菜(2.32 ng·g-1)。通过来源分析发现,蔬菜中DDTs可能有新的输入,而HCHs则主要源于历史残留。通过对不同人群的每日摄取量(EDI)进行摄食暴露分析发现,儿童的摄食暴露量要高于同性别其他年龄段人群,在儿童和未成年阶段,男性的暴露量普遍高于女性,而在成年和老年阶段,男性的暴露量低于女性。平均而言,各年龄段人群对γ-HCH和DDTs的日均口摄暴露量(EDI)值远低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)所规定的ADI值,表明在目前蔬菜消费量下,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜引起的健康风险水平较低。 相似文献
973.
Yuankai ZHANG Hongchen WANG Lu QI Guohua LIU Zhijiang HE Songzhu JIANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(2):319-326
In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a secondary settler acts as a clarifier, sludge thickener, and sludge storage tank during peak flows and therefore plays an important role in the performance of the activated sludge process. Sludge thickening occurs in the lower portions of secondary clarifiers during their operation. In this study, by detecting the hindered zone from the complete thickening process of activated sludge, a simple model for the sludge thickening velocity, u s = aX b (a = 0.9925SSVI 3.5, b = 3.541ln(SSVI 3.5)+12.973), describing the potential and performance of activated sludge thickening in the hindered zone was developed. However, sludge thickening in the compression zone was not studied because sludge in the compression zone showed limited thickening. This empirical model was developed using batch settling data obtained from four WWTPs and validated using measured data from a fifth WWTP to better study sludge thickening. To explore different sludge settling and thickening mechanisms, the curves of sludge thickening and sludge settling were compared. Finally, it was found that several factors including temperature, stirring, initial depth, and polymer conditioning can lead to highly concentrated return sludge and biomass in a biologic reactor. 相似文献
974.
Meng Gao Gregory R. Carmichael Yuesi Wang Dongsheng Ji Zirui Liu Zifa Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(5):16
Incorporating the missing heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) by NO2 into the WRF-Chem model. Sulfate production is not sensitive to increase in SO2 emission. The newly added reaction reproduces sulfate concentrations well during winter haze. We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North China, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity (RH) were simulated well (mean biases are -0.2K and 2.7%, respectively), but wind speeds were overestimated (mean bias is 0.5 m?s−1). At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were overpredicted and sulfate concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO2 emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO2 emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO2 by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO2 emissions do not significantly affect sulfate concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO2 by NO2 substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO2 to sulfate conversion in the HetS (heterogeneous oxidation by NO2) case reduces SO2 concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO2 concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) are mostly due to errors in SO2 emission inventory. 相似文献
975.
Widely reported indicators of biodiversity within the pressure–state– response paradigm largely comprise (i) lists of ‘threatened’ species, (ii) threatened species as a percentage of total native species (a state indicator) and (iii) statistics on the proportion of terrestrial or marine areas designated as ‘protected’ (a response indicator). It is arguable, however, that these reported indicators do not provide effective measures of the pressures on marine ecosystems resulting from human activities. For example, lists of threatened species do not, of themselves, reflect biodiversity loss. In Hong Kong, growing degradation of coastal waters, due to pollution, large-scale reclamation projects, dredging of marine sands, disposal of contaminated muds and over-fishing, seriously threatens local marine biodiversity. The need for appropriate indicators of biodiversity in the Hong Kong context is compelling. This paper examines the concept of biodiversity and how it can be measured by the use of indicators and considers the appropriateness of existing measures for the development of indicators of marine biodiversity in Hong Kong. Possible local indicators of marine biodiversity are then identified and their limitations explored. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
976.
Tao Miaomiao Xu Ying Liu Qingyang Liu Yanju Tian Shili Schauer James J. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1281-1286
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Plants remove efficiently atmospheric pollution by soot particles, yet the mechanisms used by leaves to capture soot particles are unclear. Here, we studied the... 相似文献
977.
以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为实验生物,通过研究不同浓度(0、1、5、10、15、20 mg·L-1)的氧化乐果对小球藻生长发育及EC50,硝酸还原酶活性,叶绿素含量的影响,初步探讨了氧化乐果对小球藻的毒性作用。实验结果表明:氧化乐果对小球藻96 hEC50值为4.88 mg·L-1;低浓度氧化乐果(1 mg·L-1)在前6天对小球藻细胞增长影响不大,高浓度氧化乐果(大于5 mg·L-1)则在初期就表现为抑制,氧化乐果浓度与细胞数量之间表现为负相关(R2=0.65755);在第8天,氧化乐果各浓度组的硝酸还原酶的相对酶活也表现\"低促高抑\"作用,但是仍然高于对照组的酶活,整体表现为促进作用;随着氧化乐果浓度的增加,小球藻叶绿素含量呈现明显降低的趋势。 相似文献
978.
Yuehui WU Guoliang WANG Zhen WANG Yi LIU Ping GU Dezhi SUN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):451-462
Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental perfor- mance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng. 100 kgI of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng- 100 kgI of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties： basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment （LCIA） showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process. 相似文献
979.
农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性，有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关；正辛醇／水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。 相似文献
980.
Shuting ZHANG Bo WEI Xin YU Bing LIU Zhuoying WU Li GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):459-465
The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g-1 BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g-1 BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches. 相似文献