Effect of preparation methods on the performance of CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

CuFe-SSZ-13 catalyst showed excellent performance in the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) for diesel engine exhaust purification. To investigate the effect of preparation methods on NH₃-SCR performance, Fe was loaded into one-pot synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts through solid-state ion-exchange (SSIE), homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) and liquid ion-exchange (IE), respectively. Three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts showed similar SO₂ resistance, which was better than that of Cu-SSZ-13. The improvement was attributed to the protection of Fe species. Hydrothermal stability of three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts was significantly different, which was attributed to the state of active species caused by different preparation methods. Compared with the other two catalysts, more active species existed inside the zeolite pores of CuFe-SSZ-13_SSIE. During hydrothermal aging, the aggregation of these active species in the pores caused the collapse of catalyst structure, ultimately leading to the deactivation of CuFe-SSZ-13_SSIE. In contrast, Fe species was dispersed better on the surface over CuFe-SSZ-13_IE, enhancing the hydrothermal stability of catalysts. Consequently, Fe loading effectively improved the resistance of SO₂ and H₂O over Cu-SSZ-13. For CuFe-SSZ-13, large amounts of active species located inside the zeolite pores are not beneficial for the hydrothermal stability.     

轮作方式对冬水田温室气体排放的影响

以位于西南大学农业部重庆紫色土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站内的冬水田(RF)、水稻-油菜轮作(RR)和水稻-儿菜轮作(RV)农田为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对农田的温室气体的排放通量进行了为期一年的原位观测,其中采用静态暗箱技术观测CH4和N2O,静态明箱技术观测CO2.结果表明,不同轮作方式下CH4的年排放总量[以CH4计,kg·hm-2]RF(422.87±27.1) RR(132.05±23.11) RV(50.91±3.83),其中RV与RR处理较RF处理CH4排放量有明显下降(P0.05);N2O的年排放总量[以N2O计,kg·hm-2]依次为RV(21.38±6.51) RR(20.02±5.23) RF(0.48±0.02),RV和RR处理N2O的排放总量均显著高于RF(P0.05);CO2的年净排放总量[以CO2计,t·hm-2]为RR(-55.43±5.04) RV(-29.1±3.00) RF(-14.08±1.81),RV和RR处理CO2的吸收量显著高于RF处理(P0.05).在100a时间尺度上,全年排放的CH4、N2O和CO2所引起综合GWP(以CO2计,t·hm-2)为RR(-46.43) RV(-22.01) RF(-2.11),表明冬水田转变为水旱轮作系统后能显著提升农田生态系统的增汇效果,相比于RV处理,RR处理增汇效果更好,即在西南地区水稻-油菜轮作农田在生态系统增汇上是一种最有效的轮作方式.     

岩溶山区城镇化进程的土地利用景观格局演变特征——以贵阳市为例

基于多期贵阳市土地利用现状数据,运用景观生态学原理系统研究了城镇化进程中贵阳市景观格局时空演变特征。结果表明,城镇化进程中建设用地景观面积持续增加,耕地、林地和草地景观面积减少。城市建设用地景观早期集中于贵阳市中部,其它呈零星点状分布;中期以南部和西北部为主,逐渐由零星点状向带状发展;后期由带状向四周拓展的区位演变特征。城镇化进程中景观蔓延度和景观形状呈下降趋势,斑块数和破碎度增加,景观形状趋于规则;景观多样性和均匀度随城镇化推进有所上升,景观异质性增强。景观格局变化受控于国家政策、城市发展理念与规划调整。     

西南喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率特征及水-岩作用分析

受特殊水文地质条件影响,西南喀斯特流域水动力过程与物质循环过程复杂,利用单一水文信息分析该地区水动力过程具有较大难度。地下水电导率受喀斯特水文地质条件影响显著,可以综合反映区域水动力条件与岩性特征。论文选取贵州普定县后寨河流域为研究区,通过野外调查及地下水电导率原位测定,结合流域地形、岩性及落水洞、岩溶泉等岩溶地貌空间分布规律,分析了喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率空间分布及其受水-岩特征的影响。结果表明,山丘区地下水电导率较低,主要由于喀斯特山区是岩溶裂隙/管道网络发育的强径流区,水-岩接触时间较短。随高程降低,地下水电导率呈现增加趋势,表明地下水流速度减缓,水-岩接触时间变长。地下水电导率受岩性特征影响显著,石灰岩区水-岩作用强烈,易形成较高电导率地下水,平均电导率650 μS/cm,白云岩区水-岩作用减弱,地下水电导率降低,平均值523 μS/cm。     

防灾工程动态投资决策分析

本文应用最优控制理论对作者在文献[1]中所建立的两个防灾工程多变量动态投资决策模型进行了求解和理论分析。在一些基本符合工程实际的假设下得到了模型的解析解以及一些有意义的结果。     

清洁生产对加氢精制装置减污增效的重要作用

介绍清洁生产在长岭分公司加氢精制装置推行的背景、实施的主要方案、效果及持续清洁生产情况。     

辅助矿山救护队的建设工作应该加强

在现代煤矿里，灾害和事故仍然是不可避免的。采取减小组织内成员的自由度来强化专业救灾机构的整体功能固然重要，但非专业化的辅助矿山救护队的建设工作更应加强。因为他们亲临现场，熟悉灾情，又处于救灾的黄金时间里。因此，对是否酿成灾害和灾害中损失的控制问题，辅助矿山救护队有更多的优势。     

Purification and Properties of a Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase From Penicillium sp.

An extracellular poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase was purified from a Penicillium sp. DS9701-09a by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 37.9-folds higher than that of the culture supernatant and the recovery yield was 11.8%. The PHB deploymerase molecular mass was 44.8 kDa from analysis of both Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The isoelectric point of 6.7 for the enzyme was determined by a two-dimensional electrophoresis. The optimum enzyme activity was observed at a temperature of 50 °C and pH 5.0. The apparent K _m of the enzyme was found to be 1.35 mg/mL. The PHB depolymerase consisted of 16 kinds of normal amino acids. The secondary structure of the enzyme was determined by CD spectrum. α-helix and β-turn were found to be 66% and 34% for the enzyme without ammonium sulphite. Chemical inhibition on the PHB depolymerase activity was examined and EDTA was found to have a significantly inhibitory effect.     

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.     

工程监理博弈行为分析与对策研究

工程建设监理制度对提高工程项目的质量。促进建筑业的健康发展发挥了重要的作用。但与发达国家相比。我国工程建设监理制度仍不够完善。从博弈论的观点出发。分别建立了监理单位和承包商之间的两方博弈模型以及业主、监理单位和承包商之间的三方博弈模型。并在分析模型均衡解的基础上，得到了完善工程建设监理制度。提高工程项目质量的政策建议。