云南突发灾害现场应急气象服务体系的构建

近年来极端天气、气候事件频发,影响日趋广泛,为制定防灾、减灾、抗灾决策,更好地保护人民生命财产安全,迫切需要气象服务为地震、山洪泥石流等自然灾害现场提供更具针对性、准确性的基础保障.该文对2014年云南鲁旬6.5级地震现场应急气象保障服务过程回顾,总结应急现场气象服务的不足,分析应急现场气象服务的需求和特点,提出满足云...     

砷尾矿污染土壤的细菌群落结构多样性及其相关环境影响因子分析

以湖南石门雄黄尾矿污染土壤为对象,研究纵向不同深度、横向不同距离土样中的重金属污染程度以及细菌群落结构变化规律,查明砷污染土壤的核心微生物组成并将其与土壤理化指标进行共存网络图分析.结果表明:该尾矿区的土壤各项重金属指标严重超标,尤以铅(626.54 mg·kg?1,Ei=105.48)、砷(1804.75 mg·kg...     

城市道路交通噪声监测技术与方法的现状与展望

日趋严重的道路交通噪声已成为城市的主要噪声源之一。精准高效地监测道路交通噪声是控制交通噪声污染的重要前提,然而噪声测量技术的发展脉络仍未被厘清。通过系统梳理2000—2021年国内外发表的282篇文献,发现当前道路交通噪声监测可分为静态多站点测量、自动监测网络、移动测量和参与式测量4种方法,并应向多源监测数据融合、提升数据时空分辨率、开发低成本且易集成的自动监测网络、建立公众参与式噪声测量规范与数据整合标准、制定以人为本的城市道路交通噪声动态监测体系等方向发展。未来可采取自动监测网络为主,常规静态测量、参与式测量和移动测量等方法为辅的技术体系监测道路交通噪声。该研究可为道路交通噪声监测技术革新及噪声污染防控提供参考。     

焦作市中马村矿土壤重金属污染调查评价

对焦作市中马村矿矸石山周围土壤中5种重金属(Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn、Mn)的含量、分布特征及其污染状况进行了调查与评价。结果表明,矿区土壤不同程度地受到5种重金属的污染,依次为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Mn;土壤综合污染指数为1. 74,属轻污染; 5种重金属元素中Zn、Pb相关性显著,其余均为低度相关。     

江苏省2011年环境γ辐射剂量率测量比对

为了保证辐射监测数据的准确,江苏省辐射环境监测管理站组织了2011年全省环境γ辐射剂量率测量比对。结果表明,22台仪器测量结果满意,1台仪器测量数据可疑,所有仪器均未出现不满意或离群结果。测量比对有效地发现了测量存在的问题,保证监测工作结果的准确性。     

论实行“以条为主,条块结合”的环境监测管理体制的必要性

从技术监督、网络建设、技术研究、执法程序及自身建设等方面,论述加强环境监测工作的首要措施是改革现行的环境监测管理模式,实行“以条为主,条块结合”的管理体制,即人、财、物管理以条为主,党群活动以块为主,业务开展兼顾条块。     

深圳市几种空气污染物浓度日变化特征分析

通过对深圳市2002年8月至2003年8月五种空气污染物浓度日变化特征、相互关系及不同天气条件下的变化,与人们活动的关系等进行分析,试图找出深圳空气污染的主要成因及变化规律,为环境规划决策提供科学依据。     

The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China

The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 μg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 μg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable–soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples. Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun’an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun’an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and “stacked soil” on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon, which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Eighty eight surface soil samples were collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDXs) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs). The measured concentrations were 51.8 ± 38.5 ng g(-1), 0.329 ± 0.818 ng g(-1), and 0.467 ± 0.741 ng g(-1) as means and standard deviations of PAHs, DDXs, and HCHs, respectively, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those reported for eastern China. Significant differences were also revealed among four sub-areas within QTP. PAHs detected in the samples from the remote sub-areas of T'ang-ku-la/Hoh Xil Mountains and along the Qinghai-Tibet highway in the west and northwest of QTP were 1 order of magnitude lower than those from Lhasa and east Qinghai. The differences in soil OCPs among the sub-areas were 2-7 times. Soil PAHs were significantly correlated with emission density and soil organic carbon content (SOC), while OCPs were correlated significantly with the population density and SOC. Based on the calculated backward air mass trajectories and geographical distributions of emission and population, it was revealed that PAHs and OCPs accumulated in the soils in the west and northwest QTP were primarily from long-range transport and may represent the background levels of East Asia. This part of QTP can also serve as an important receptor area for regional or even global long-range transport study. The elevated concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in Lhasa and east Qinghai were mainly from local sources, while PAHs from adjacent Lanzhou area also contributed considerably to the accumulation of PAHs in east Qinghai.     

液固比对含重金属水泥熟料制品中重金属释放的影响

通过模拟煅烧试验制取水泥熟料,参照JGJ 55-2000（《普通混凝土配比设计规程》）制取混凝土样品,参考SR003.1和NEN 7375浸出试验,分别研究液固比对粒状及块状混凝土样品中重金属（Cr、Ni和As）释放的影响。结果表明,在不同液固比条件下粒状混凝土中的重金属浸出浓度为Cr>Ni>As,Cr、As浸出浓度基本保持不变,分别为2 500 μg/L左右和5～6 μg/L,Ni在液固比（L∶S）<6时,浸出浓度随着液固比的增加而降低,在L∶S>6时,浸出浓度较稳定,为35.7～41.5 μg/L;浸出量均随着液固比的增加而增大。液固比（L∶S）<10时,块状混凝土中重金属累积释放量及扩散系数均随液固比的增加而增大,当L∶S>10时两者基本保持不变。