Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

祁连—柴达木盆地北缘地区石炭系泥岩沉积地球化学特征

详细研究了祁连—柴达木盆地北缘地区石炭系泥岩的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征。各微量元素在各剖面及不同层位变化相当复杂 ,但仍有一定规律 ,这种变化与其物源供应和沉积成岩环境有关。各样品稀土总量变化较大 ,以甘肃永昌煤山子剖面总量最高 ;各泥岩样品轻稀土富集 ,Eu负异常 ,δEu介于 0 .4 4～0 .90之间。微量、稀土元素组合及比值的变化 ,显示物源区母岩为花岗岩和玄武岩的混合 ,稀土分布模式显示源岩为粘土岩、花岗岩和中性岩的混合 ,两者示物源一致。元素的丰度及其比值 ,反映当时水介质环境大部分为海相 ,亦有部分为陆相 ,与其它相标志所表征的结果是一致的。     

建设项目实施过程中的可行性研究与环境影响评价

作者根据多年的工作实践，分析了目前建设项目可行性研究与环境影响评价工作中存在的一些问题。提出了编写环境影响评价报告时如何有效地利用建设项目的可行性研究报告文本，以及在没有可行性研究报告的情况下怎样使环境影响评价报告能够准确地反映建设项目的环境问题，进而保证环境影响报告书的质量。总之，恰当处理这两者之间的关系，保证建设项目在建设期与运营期降低与防止建设项目对周边环境影响是本文的主要目的之一。     

滇南湖群环境综合治理总体规划研究

本规划采用决策支持系统 (DSS)对湖泊的水量平衡和水质现状以及采用不同措施对水质的影响进行评估 ,并通过多标准分析 (MAC)对每项措施进行优先排序 ,使规划更具科学性和可操作性。     

北九州--循环型经济的雏形

“日本是一个深受自然恩惠的国家，而且国民们都感觉到了这种恩惠。”日本北九州尤其享受到了环境保护给他们带来的恩惠。提起北九州，便不能不提及上世纪中叶，轰动世界的八大公害事件。1968年3月，在日本的北九州市、爱知县一带．突然有几十万只火鸡死亡。不久，发现了一批奇怪的病人：眼睑浮肿，眼分泌物增多，全身起红疙瘩，肌肉疼痛，四肢麻木，肝功能下降，胃肠道功能紊乱，有的因医治无效而死亡。这种病很快蔓延开来，受害者达1万多人。这就是震惊世界的八大公害事件之一的米糠油事件，也称火鸡事件、多氯联苯污染事件。“公害事件”之后，北九州从政府到民间企业，从学者到普通市民，都把环保事业当成头等大事。经过20多年的努力，他们终于把连大肠杆菌都不能生存的“死海”，变成了百种鱼类的生产基地，把日降尘量位居日本首位的“七色烟城“，日本第一个获得联合国环境规划署颁发的“全球500佳奖“的城市，1992年在联合国环境与发展会议（UNCED地球首脑会议）上，北九州获得“联合国地方城市表彰奖”。[编者按]     

采用钙钛矿型催化剂(La0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3)同时催化去除NOx和碳烟的研究

将钙钛矿型催化剂与碳烟均匀混合后置于固定床连续流动反应体系中,利用程序升温反应技术,在模拟柴油机尾气的情况下对同时催化去除氮氧化物(NOx)和碳烟的反应进行了实验研究.通过改变含Cu原料的用量,得到不同Cu取代量的催化剂La0.8K0.2CuxMn1-xO3,性能评价结果表明,La0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3催化剂的综合性能较好,碳烟的起燃温度及NO向N2的最大转化率分别为280℃和58.0%.采用该催化剂,进一步考察了进气中NO浓度、O2浓度、进气总流量及催化剂与碳烟的接触状况对反应的影响.研究结果表明,进气中NO浓度、O2浓度、气体总流量和催化剂与碳烟之间的接触状况对NO的去除率的影响比较明显,而对碳烟起燃温度的影响较小.O2浓度从5%变为7.5%时,碳烟的起燃温度及最大NO转化率分别从280℃和53.8%变为270℃和96.7%.碳烟与催化剂松散接触时,碳烟的起燃温度及最大NO转化率分别为290℃和48.4%,紧密接触时分别为275℃和70.4%.而进气中NO浓度、气体总流量的变化对碳烟的燃烧基本上没有影响,虽然NO的转化率有明显变化,但生成的N2总量基本不变.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定轻质油中痕量砷时样品前处理方法的探讨

研究了轻质油中痕量砷的几种样品处理方法。实验表明，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定时，用碘-甲苯和H2O2-HNO3相结合处理轻质油样品较为合适，萃取效率可达90％。并对影响萃取测定的其它因素作了初步探讨。     

Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m⁻¹ for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(4): 25–29 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅱ) Decolorization of dyes by laccase containing fermentation broth with or without self-immobilized mycelia

The capability of decolorization for commercial dyes by Coriolus versicolur fermentation broth containing laccase with or without immobilized mycelium was evaluated.With cell-free fermentation broth containing laccase,high decolorization ratio was achieved for acid orange 7,but not for the other dyes concerned.The immobilized mycelium was proved to be more efficient than the cell-free system.All the four dyestuffs studied were found being decolourized with certain extent by immobilized mycelium.The repeated-batch decolorization was carried out with satisfactory results.The experimental data showed that the continuous decolorization of wastewater from a printing and dyeing industry was possible by using self-immobilized C.Versicolor.     

水质动态评价的马尔柯夫方法

根据随机过程原理 ,构造了一个新的概率转移矩阵 ,并在此基础上引入进步度的概念 ,对河流水质综合质量变化情况进行动态评价。最后给出了实例分析