某厂周围居民汞污染健康风险评估研究

调查某厂环境汞污染致周围居民健康风险.通过对某厂周围环境介质及食物中汞含量进行测定,采用有阈化学物质健康风险评价模型,对周围2 km范围内居民健康风险进行评价.结果表明:某厂周围居民经呼吸道、消化道、皮肤汞的日均暴露量分别为0.5×10-4 mg/(kg·d)、9.35×10-5 mg/(kg·d)及2.04×10-6 mg/(kg·d),汞污染致当地居民健康风险处于可接受风险水平.某厂周围环境介质已受到一定程度的污染,但尚未影响到居民健康,由于汞的累积效应,某厂周围汞污染仍需引起关注.     

青岛某小区景观湖水水质年变化规律研究

为了获得青岛某住宅小区内景观湖水质全年变化规律,并确定最佳换水时间,采用国标法及行业标准法检测该小区景观湖及其水源的全年水质变化.结果表明:景观湖水各水质指标全年波动明显,均受季节和降水情况影响,在降水丰沛的8-10月份水质较好;除pH全年符合景观水质标准外,其余指标均有月份超标;除COD浓度较高外,其余指标9-11月均较低,水质较好;水源白沙河的水质多在降水丰沛的9、10月份水质较好,综合看来,9-10月份为每年的最佳换水时间.     

重庆市巴南区花溪河富营养化水平评价

以2009—2015年的花溪河水质监测数据为依据,用营养状态质量指数法评价巴南区花溪河的富营养化水平。结果表明:按营养水平划分依据规定,南湖断面水质较好且其富营养化水平为贫营养化水平,花溪河中下游监测断面石龙桥和敬老院都为富营养水平,石龙桥水质最差,主要污染因子为氨氮、总氮、总磷。石龙桥与敬老院断面间,丰水期、枯水期、平水期的营养质量指数值(NQI)都大于3,营养等级均为Ⅲ级。     

水乡油田环境污染应急体系建设初探

从环境污染应急预案编制、演练、实施以及应急保障等方面分析了水乡油田环境污染应急体系建立过程中需要注意的事项,并针对该企业环境污染应急体系建立过程中出现的问题,从应急预案编制、演练与实施以及应急保障方面提出了建议及初步解决措施。     

含油污水处理工艺中的污泥及污油回收技术改进措施

针对油田含油污水处理工艺中油水分离设备及缓冲罐等,长期运行积累的污泥若不及时排出,将导致污水中的悬浮固体含量上升和过滤负荷增大、缩短污水处理时间、影响处理效果及水质的问题。寻找合适的工艺技术,去除系统中产生的污油,以提高处理效率、改善最终处理水质。通过采用污泥回收、污油回收等措施,实现了污泥的有效排出,污油的有效回收,改善了处理水质,满足油田的生产需要。     

嗜热自养甲烷杆菌的抗逆分子机制

为揭示嗜热厌氧古菌适应极端环境的分子机理,分别在不同温度(50℃,60℃,65℃和70℃)培养嗜热自养甲烷杆菌,利用Real-time RT-PCR研究其二硫键异构酶(mtPDI)mRNA的表达情况.结果显示,mtPDI mRNA在上述情况下都有表达,但当温度偏离菌体最适生长温度(65℃),表达量会提高,在50℃和70...     

三唑磷降解对水稻叶绿素含量的影响

采用田间试验方法,系统研究了内2优6号、秀水09两个水稻品种生殖生长前期经过喷施不同浓度三唑磷(2 250 mL hm-2、4 500 mL hm-2)后水稻叶绿素含量动态变化及其相关性.结果表明,喷施三唑磷对水稻叶绿素含量产生了影响,其效应随施药浓度增加而增大.三唑磷对叶绿素作用的时效在品种间存在差异,内2优6号和秀水09分别为<20 d和>20 d,具体表现为施药后d 1,所有水稻品种的喷施处理与对照无显著性差异,施药后d 3～14,与对照相比内2优6号和秀水09分别表现为显著降低和增加,施药后d 21,则分别表现为不显著和显著增加.三唑磷降解率与叶绿素含量变化率之间总体存在相关性,但品种间存在显著差异,内2优6号和秀水09分别呈现负相关和正相关趋势.     

太阳鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的分离纯化

采用硫酸铵沉淀–普鲁卡因胺亲和柱层析方法,对太阳鱼(Lepomis gibbosus)脑部乙酰胆碱酯酶分离纯化,纯化倍数为234倍,回收率为25.67%,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,呈现单一的条带,相对分子质量约为68 000,表明其纯度达到电泳纯.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol with mesoporous TiO2?xBx

We report a facile approach for preparing mesoporous boron-doped TiO₂ materials by combining the sol?Cgel process with the dehydration of glucose. Specifically a high surface carbon material was formed by dehydration of glucose, then used as template. This material and the TiO₂ dry gel were calcinated to produce porous TiO₂. The as-synthesized boron-doped TiO₂ was in pure anatase crystallite phase with high surface area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that boron was incorporated into the anatase TiO₂ lattice to form TiO_2?xB_x. The absorption spectra of TiO_2?xB_x extended into the visible region to 460?nm. The TiO_2?xB_x exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity on phenol degradation than pure TiO₂. It showed that the phenol degradation by-products of TiO_2?xB_x were different from that of pure TiO₂. Mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol at TiO_2?xB_x was also proposed.     

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

This study aimed to determine the levels of placental cadmium (PCd) and cord blood cadmium (CBCd) and the resulting expression of placental metallothionein (MT) in neonates and to investigate cadmium (Cd) exposure levels in neonates and mothers who live in Guiyu, China, an electronic waste (e-waste) pollution site. Among the 423 mothers included in the study from 2004/2005 to 2007, 289 lived in Guiyu (exposed group) and 134 lived in Chaonan, located 10 km away from Guiyu (controls) and had never been exposed to e-waste pollution. CBCd and PCd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Placental MT was examined by immunohistochemistry. Information on maternal and neonatal characteristics and exposure conditions was obtained from hospital records and by personal interviews. For the 3 years, the median CBCd was higher for Guiyu neonates than for controls (3.61 vs. 1.25 ??g/L), with 25.61% of Guiyu subjects exhibiting a median CBCd that exceeded the safety limit defined by the World Health Organization (5 ??g/L), as compared with 14.18% of control neonates (p < 0.01). In Guiyu, the mean PCd was higher than that for controls (0.17 ± 0.48 vs. 0.10 ± 0.11 ??g/g, p ?? 0.01). The high levels of CBCd and PCd were significantly associated with parents?? occupational and environmental exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants. Staining for MT was positive and dense for 67.00% (67/100) of Guiyu neonates as compared with 32.69% (17/52) of controls (p < 0.01). Exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants increased Cd exposure in neonates, which was accompanied by increased placental MT expression.