2005年以来青海湖水位持续回升的原因分析

地处干旱-半干旱过渡带的青海湖现代和历史时期生态环境变化一直受到关注,特别是2005年以来水位和湖面的逆转回升促使我们重新审视全球变暖情形下我国北方气候和环境的变化及其趋势。本文利用高分辨率的河水化学、（次）降水量和径流量等数据,探讨了2005年以来青海湖湖水的来源和水位持续回升的原因。结果表明,1959年以来青海湖水位的变化与降水量和径流量紧密相关;近些年的持续回升则主要取决于全球增暖情形下区域夏季降水强度和降水量的同时增加,地表径流和/或地下水补给起着一定作用,而冰川融水的贡献则十分有限。我们认为2005年以来青海湖水位持续回升是全球增暖情形下区域降雨模式的改变、降水量和径流量增加,以及流域植被生态改善的综合效应。     

积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物的不确定度评定

本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。     

络合协同RDB处理NO_x系统中1株反硝化菌的分离鉴定

从处理效率稳定在85%的NOx废气络合处理系统--生物转鼓(rotating drum biofilter,RDB)中分离到1株异养型兼氧反硝化细菌,命名为菌株ND1.理化分析表明,ND1为革兰氏染色阴性杆菌,在培养基上可形成特征性干燥、皱缩样菌落,黏附于琼脂表面,并产生黄色色素,以单极生鞭毛运动.其16S rDNA基因序列与典型的反硝化菌Pseudomonas stutzeri具有97%的相似性,综合其外部形态特征、生理生化特征、Biolog碳源利用特性以及16S rDNA系统发育学分析,ND1鉴定为Pseudomonasstutzeri.在30℃,pH7.2的培养条件下,以琥珀酸钠为碳源,5d后该菌对硝酸根离子的去除率可以达到100%,对相同浓度的亚硝酸根离子的去除率达到85%.     

超滤膜深度处理煤制气废水的化学清洗研究

用实验室自制超滤膜系统深度处理煤制气废水。采用扫描电镜和能谱分析比较了质量为一定浓度均为0．5％的NaC10溶液（有效氯为5％）、NaOH溶液,HCl溶液对污染膜丝内表面滤饼层的静态浸泡效果。为进一步确定不同清洗剂的化学清洗效果,选用质量浓度为0．25％的NaOH溶液和0．25％的NaCl0溶液对污染膜组件进行了手动化学清洗并通过过滤纯水确定清洗效率。结果显示,NaC10溶液和NaOH溶液对滤饼层分别具有溶解和剥离作用,从而对滤饼层起到了去除作用;能谱分析显示采用这两种清洗剂后的膜丝内表面元素组成与原膜较为接近,SEM分析则显示二者在去除滤饼层的同时对膜袁面性状均有一定程度的改变;而经HCl溶液浸泡后的膜丝滤饼层未见去除,能谱分析显示此时膜丝内表面的元素组成与原膜有显著差异。手动化学清洗结果进一步显示,0．25％的NaCl0溶液对膜组件的清洗效率可达到97％。     

土壤有机质对铊在土壤中吸附-解吸行为的影响

研究了土壤有机质对Tl＋在红壤和黄土2种土壤中的吸附-解吸行为的影响。结果表明,去除土壤有机质后红壤和黄土对Tl＋的吸附量均明显下降,下降幅度最高分别达到24.7%和28.2%,黄土的下降幅度大于红壤;黄土对Tl＋吸附率最高下降幅度约为20%,也高于红壤的15%。土壤有机质对Tl＋吸附的贡献率平均值分别是黄土39.2%、红壤32.8%。2种土壤对Tl＋的解吸量在去除有机质之后都明显增大,在初始Tl＋浓度较高的情况下,增大幅度明显;并且Tl＋的初始浓度越高,土壤在去有机质前后的解吸率相差就越大,在Tl＋最大处理浓度为20 mg/L时,红壤和黄土的解吸率增加分别达到60.8%和65.5%。     

丁草胺和乙草胺对蚯蚓CAT和SoD活性的影响

研究土壤中丁草胺和乙草胺对蚯蚓抗氧化酶系CAT和SOD的影响.结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,蚯蚓体组织的CAT和SOD活性先增大后降低,与对照相比,蚯蚓CAT和SOD活性表现为低浓度诱导和高浓度抑制;在一定暴露时间内,随着丁草胺和乙草胺浓度的增加,CAT和SOD活性呈抛物线型剂量-效应相关关系;丁草胺和乙草胺暴露浓度与蚯蚓CAT和SOD活性均呈现出抛物线型暴露时间-胁迫效应的相关关系.不同酶对毒性效应的响应域值不同,其敏感性大小为:SOD>CAT.根据两个指标对污染物浓度响应域值的不同,建立剂量-效应关系与时间-效应关系.     

基于MODIS NDVI汉江中游植被时空变化及其地貌分异分析

基于2001~2015年的时间序列MODIS NDVI数据,通过逐像元线性趋势回归和回归系数计算,分析汉江中游地区植被年均NDVI变化的时空规律;通过植被时空变化的地貌分异分析,评估人类活动的影响及其空间差异。研究结果表明:汉江中游地区近15 a来,植被年均NDVI值呈现明显的波动增长趋势;植被时空变化表现出一定的地貌分异规律,平原、河漫滩、台地植被年均NDVI呈现明显的增长趋势,而丘陵、低山和中山植被年均NDVI增长趋势不明显。不同地貌类型区年均NDVI值变化受人类活动影响程度的强弱依次为:平原、台地、河漫滩、丘陵、低山、中山。人类活动是汉江中游平原区年均NDVI稳定增长的主要原因。     

Assessing the inhalation cancer risk of particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the elderly in a retirement community of a mega city in North China

Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10^?6 and 4.57?×?10^?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10^?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly.     

Sorption specificity and desorption hysteresis of gibberellic acid on ferrihydrite compared to goethite,hematite, montmorillonite,and kaolinite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pesticide gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential endocrine disruptor and environmental toxin; therefore, research into its environmental fate is...