一株耐盐高效苯酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定、响应面法优化与降酚动力学研究

从海利(常德)有限公司污水处理池水样中分离得到1株耐盐高效苯酚降解菌,该菌可在盐度1%~8%、p H4.0~10.0、温度15~40℃条件下以苯酚为唯一碳源生长,命名为zht I.通过形态特征、生理生化反应、16S r DNA鉴定和BLAST序列比对构建系统发育树,确定菌株zht I为一株不动杆菌Acinetobacter guillouiae;利用Plackett-Burman实验确定葡萄糖浓度、苯酚浓度、p H值为影响菌株zht I降解苯酚的主要因素;采用中心组合实验设计,结合Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面法分析,确定菌株zht I在苯酚浓度801.6 mg·L~(-1)、葡萄糖浓度5.56%、p H值7.3、接种量6%、温度30℃、盐度3%条件下培养72 h,菌株zht I对苯酚的降解率达到93.23%.经降解动力学研究发现菌株zht I对苯酚的最大耐受浓度为1700 mg·L~(-1),菌株zht I降解苯酚的动力学模型符合典型的底物抑制模型,降酚动力学参数为:μmax=2.142 h~(-1),KS=126.952 mg·L~(-1),Ki=476.191 mg·L~(-1).     

Removal of nutrients and veterinary antibiotics from swine wastewater by a constructed macrophyte floating bed system

The potential of three varieties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), Dryan, Tachimasari and Waseyutaka, to improve the water quality of swine wastewater was evaluated using a constructed macrophyte floating bed system. With respect to reductions in levels of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sulfonamide antimicrobials (SAs, including sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole), Dryan performed better than Tachimasari and Waseyutaka. For Dryan, total N was reduced by 84.0%, total P by 90.4%, COD by 83.4% and sulfonamide antimicrobials by 91.8–99.5%. Similar results were observed for Tachimasari and Waseyutaka. The results indicated that the treatment of swine wastewater using the constructed macrophyte floating bed system was effective in the removal of nutrients and veterinary antibiotics.     

Biodegradation of nicosulfuron by the bacterium Serratia marcescens N80

By enrichment culturing of the sludge collected from the industrial wastewater treatment pond, we isolated a highly efficient nicosulfuron degrading bacterium Serratia marcescens N80. In liquid medium, Serratia marcescens N80 grows using nicosulfuron as the sole nitrogen source, and the optimal temperature, pH values, and inoculation for degradation are 30–35°C, 6.0–7.0, and 3.0% (v/v), respectively. With the initial concentration of 10 mg L^?1, the degradation rate is 93.6% in 96 hours; as the initial concentrations are higher than 10 mg L^?1, the biodegradation rates decrease as the nicosulfuron concentrations increase; when the concentration is 400 mg L^?1, the degradation rate is only 53.1%. Degradation follows the pesticide degradation kinetic equation at concentrations between 5 mg L^?1 and 50 mg L^?1. Identification of the metabolites by the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) indicates that the degradation of nicosulfuron is achieved by breaking the sulfonylurea bridge. The strain N80 also degraded some other sulfonylurea herbicides, including ethametsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl,and rimsulfuron.     

Accumulation and transportation of copper in different ecotypes of Leersia hexandra Swartz

ABSTRACT

This study used hydroponics with different copper (Cu) concentrations to assess metal accumulation and growth in two different populations of Leersia hexandra Swartz, one obtained from a contaminated area (CP) and the other from a non-contaminated area (NCP). Data demonstrated that Cu exerted a lesser effect on the biomass of CP than NCP. The root and shoot biomass measurements of CP were significantly higher than those noted at NCP. Copper concentration in the tissues of L. hexandra from CP increased markedly correlated with the concentration of metal in the culture solution, and this trend was stronger than that in NCP. Copper concentrations in roots and shoots were significantly higher in CP than NCP. As Cu stress levels in the culture solution rose, the transport coefficient of both populations decreased. Furthermore, the coefficient of CP was significantly higher than NCP. At a Cu concentration of 38.4 mg/L, the transfer factor value of CP is 40% higher than NCP. In summary, CP showed higher accumulation and resistance to Cu compared with NCP.     

高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物产生及控制对策探讨

通过分析高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物的产生机理,探讨了湘钢1#高炉煤气洗涤水氰化物超标的主要原因,结合高炉煤气洗涤水处理氰化物的治理现状,提出了相应的治理对策.     

石化企业水污染应急防控体系运行分析及改进措施

介绍了兰州石化公司助剂厂水污染应急防控体系的基本情况和工艺流程,对照中国石油《事故状态下水体污染的预防与控制技术要求》(Q/SY1109—2009)和中国石化《水体污染防控紧急措施设计导则》对助剂厂水污染应急防控体系的合规性进行了分析,并对存在问题提出了整改建议。     

静电纺壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜对Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)及Cd~(2+)的吸附特性

采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、BET等技术对静电纺丝制得的吸附材料壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(CS/PVA)纳米纤维膜进行表征,并通过对模拟重金属离子废水的吸附实验,系统考察了溶液pH、重金属离子(Cu2+、Ni2+及Cd2+)初始浓度和反应温度对吸附的影响.结果表明,在外加电压25kV、接触距离15.0 cm、纺丝速度0.15 m L·h-1的条件下,可制得CS/PVA质量比为20/80的连续无缺陷的平均直径76.31 nm、比表面积219.4m2·g-1的纤维膜.CS/PVA纳米纤维膜对重金属离子的吸附在2 h内达到平衡,其吸附容量随着温度的升高而升高,随着初始浓度的增大而增大,随着pH值的升高而提高,在pH=5.5时达到最大.在25℃和pH=5.5的条件下,用CS/PVA纳米纤维膜吸附浓度100 mg·L-1的Cu2+、Ni2+和Cd2+溶液,吸附容量分别为98.65、116.89和124.23 mg·g-1,且对重金属吸附无选择性.吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附动力学同时匹配准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型.热力学参数(ΔG、ΔH和ΔS)计算结果表明,CS/PVA纳米纤维膜对重金属离子的吸附是自发的吸热反应.     

短链氯化石蜡暴露对HepG2细胞代谢的影响

短链氯化石蜡(short-chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)是一组成分复杂的氯代正构烷烃,在环境中普遍存在。然而有关其毒性机理的信息十分有限,限制了对其健康风险的评估。本研究采用液相色谱–串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析技术,研究了不同剂量的SCCPs暴露(0、1.0、10.0和100.0μg·L-1;C13-CPs;55.0%Cl)对人体肝癌细胞Hep G2的糖代谢、氨基酸代谢和脂肪酸代谢的影响。通过偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)鉴别各组代谢产物谱差异,发现3个SCCPs暴露剂量组均能够与对照组完全分开,表明SCCPs短期暴露能够引起细胞代谢活动的显著改变。SCCPs的低剂量暴露可明显刺激Hep G2细胞对氨基酸的吸收。与对照组相比,SCCPs低剂量暴露组(1.0μg·L-1)培养基中谷氨酰胺、色氨酸和丝氨酸的含量显著(P0.05)降低。而高剂量SCCPs(100.0μg·L-1)暴露抑制了细胞对氨基酸和葡萄糖吸收,但促进了乳酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸的生成。氨基酸吸收的抑制不可避免地会影响蛋白质的合成。同时,SCCPs的暴露使饱和脂肪酸代谢紊乱,使不饱和脂肪酸水平上调。为确定SCCPs的毒性作用方式,有必要从转录组和蛋白组层面进一步研究其毒性机制。     

紫外分光光度法测定污水COD值的误差分析研究

针对紫外分光光度法测定污水COD值的误差分析问题,给出了实验的仪器和试剂的配制方法,如测试主要仪器设备和主要试剂的配制,介绍了测定水样的采集地点,介绍了重铬酸钾法的测定原理及步骤,重铬酸钾法的测定原理和重铬酸钾法的测定步骤,紫外分光光度法的测定原理及步骤,如紫外分光光度法的测定原理和紫外分光光度法的测定步骤,并对结果进行了讨论,紫外分光光度法,标准曲线的确定,测定的结果比较和方法的准确度和精密度比较.