超声-生物沥浸-氧化钙联合超高压压滤系统实现市政污泥深度脱水及其泥饼的毒性评估

本研究采用超声-生物沥浸-氧化钙调理联合超高压压滤系统对市政污泥进行深度脱水试验,探讨了其调理过程对污泥脱水效率的影响,并对调理后的脱水污泥的重金属含量及植物毒性进行评估.结果表明,经超声-生物沥浸-氧化钙调理后,比阻（SRF）去除率和结合水去除率分别达到90.12%和72.21%.经预调理联合超高压压滤系统处理后,泥饼含水率降低至49.94%,泥饼中Cr 、Cu、Cd、 Zn、As 和Pb的去除率分别为42.41%、36.50%、30.92%、27.97%、25.94%、22.11%,白菜发芽指数大于80%.通过分析污泥理化性质及滤液有机物含量,阐明该联合技术的作用机理.首先,超声预处理后,污泥结构被破坏,造成污泥粒径d_0.5减小、zeta电位上升,污泥中多糖和蛋白质被释放,从而改善脱水性能,促进污泥中重金属释放,植物毒性降低;经超声-生物沥浸调理后,污泥粒径d_0.5进一步减小、zeta电位趋近于中性,滤液中酪氨酸/色氨酸类氨基酸类有机物和酪氨酸/色氨酸类蛋白有机物被降解且疏水性的腐殖酸和富里酸类有机物含量升高,污泥脱水性能进一步提高,泥饼重金属含量进一步下降,但植物毒性反而加强;最后添加氧化钙后,污泥颗粒被重新絮凝,形成刚性骨架,增加了污泥的可压缩性能,在高压压滤过程释放出更多有机物,最终实现了污泥深度脱水,重金属总量减少,植物毒性显著降低.此外,经济分析表明该联合工艺具有一定潜在推广应用价值.     

钢筋混凝土异形柱框架结构抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土异形柱框架的抗震性能，特别是它在高烈度地震下的抗震性能，一直是结构抗震研究的重点问题。为了配合正在编制的《钢筋混凝土异形柱技术规程》，进一步探讨这种结构体系的适用性，针对昆明市某实际工程，按8度区Ⅲ类场地的情形，进行了1榀3层2跨钢筋混凝土异形柱框架1／3比例模型的拟静力试验，研究这种结构在低周反复荷载作用下延性、变形特性和滞回特性。试验研究表明，这种钢筋混凝土异形柱框架抗震性能良好。     

盐矿安全问题及环境污染的防治

我国水溶开采岩盐的回采率较低 ,主要是由盐井事故 (如卤水渗漏、地面冒卤等 )引起的。盐矿旱采残渣堆存地面 ,水溶开采中顶板跨塌、冒卤 ,卤水输送过程中管壁渗漏等对土壤造成污染 ,可采用种植耐盐植物、客土和深翻的方法进行改良。卤水对区内地表水污染 ,造成某些水域中氯化物含量超出农用灌溉水标准 ,可将制盐废水用于水溶回采和生产化工产品的原料 ,氯化钠含量较高的废水可回收其中的盐分 ;制盐过程空气中飞扬的盐尘 ,可采用旋风除尘器除尘 ,车间内也可用水喷洒处理 ,采用种植耐盐植物净化车间周边空气。岩盐矿床常伴生天然气 ,其在卤水中有一定的溶解度 ,可采取多次预热的方法实现气卤分离 ,且回收的甲烷可作为能源使用     

灰色关联分析在浅层地下水环境质量评价中的应用

在井田浅层地下水分析测试资料的基础 ，采用灰色关联评价方法对浅层地下水环境质量的现状进行评价。简要论述灰色关联分析方法的应用原理，确定各采样点水体的质量等级，为将来矿井设计、建设和生产过程中浅层地下水环境的保护和利用提供参考资料。     

经济可行性分析系统软件开发

经济可行性论证中要处理大量数据，制作许多表格，工作量大而繁杂，利用手工处理速度慢、精度低。为此，研制开发了实用于不同工程项目的经济可行性分析系统软件。该系统在Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ２５版本支持下，ＩＢＭ３８６主机上实现，具有运行速度快、功能全面、用户界面好、数据准确、使用维护简便等特点，并已推广使用     

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids with aryl halides in water

An efficient Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using a variety of aryl halides in neat water was developed. The Pd-catalyzed reaction between aryl bromides or chlorides and phenyl bo-ronic acids was compatible with various functional groups and affords biphenyls in good to excellent yields without requirement of organic cosolvents. The air stability and solubility in water of the palladium-phosphinous acid complexes were considered to facilitate operation of the coupling reaction and product isolation. The reaction conditions including Pd catalyst selection, temperature, base and catalyst recoverability were also investigated.     

浅析泥石流堆积物的光谱特征——以蒋家沟泥石流堆积物为例

运用 10 0 BXMTS野外光谱仪探测了小江支流蒋家沟新、老泥石流堆积物的光谱反射率 ,总结了新、老堆积物的反射光谱特性 ,分析了影响泥石流堆积物反射光谱特性的因素 (岩性、水分含量、植被覆盖 ) ,最后讨论了应用高空间分辨率遥感图像解译泥石流堆积物的可能性。     

Occurrence, partition behavior, source and ecological risk assessment of nitro-PAHs in the sediment and water of Taige Canal, China

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd–76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73–18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log K_ow, and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern.     

市政污泥厌氧发酵渗沥液污染物释放与热效应

为了研究污泥厌氧发酵过程中渗沥液水质污染指标随温度和时间的变化规律,以及污泥的热效应变化,分别测定30,45,60℃下厌氧发酵不同时间后污泥渗沥液的p H值、DO、TN和TOC含量,分析厌氧发酵对渗沥液污染指标的影响,通过热重-差热试验绘制45℃下不同时间的TG-DTA曲线,研究厌氧发酵对污泥热效应的影响。结果表明:新鲜污泥渗沥液p H值为7.50,随着厌氧发酵的进行,30℃下p H值上升25.7%,DO、TN与TOC含量分别下降90.0%、90.4%、74.9%,且初期外界温度越高反应速率越快;由TG-DTA曲线可知:水分散失和有机物燃烧分解致使质量损失,并分别伴随吸热和放热现象。