纳米羟基磷灰石对小麦植物酶及土壤酶活性的影响研究

采用土培方式研究纳米羟基磷灰石(NHAP)在不同质量分数下,小麦幼苗植株中3种植物酶及3种土壤酶活性的变化,并探讨添加不同质量分数NHAP对植物及土壤的影响.研究结果表明,添加NHAP后在初期(第7 d)能显著(p＜0.05)提高土壤pH值,但随着培养时间的推移,在第21 d时,对照处理(CK)与添加不同质量分数NHAP的处理1(T1)、处理2(T2)、处理3(T3)各处理间差异不显著(p＞0.05).添加NHAP可提高植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,处理21 d后,与CK相比,除T1处理外,T2、T3处理SOD酶活性均显著提高.添加NHAP降低可过氧化物酶(POD)活性,在21 d处理时,T3处理POD酶活性显著降低,而T1、T2处理不明显.与CK相比,添加NHAP对植物过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性影响不显著.添加NHAP能提高小麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性,在第21 d,T1、T2、T3处理的土壤中过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,比CK分别提高19.5％、29.0％、49.8％.小麦根际土壤脲酶活性随时间延长变化不同,前14 d随NHAP质量分数升高而增加,之后随NHAP质量分数升高变化不明显.施加NHAP对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性影响不明显.综合考虑NHAP对小麦植物酶活性及土壤酶活性的影响以及经济成本等因素,确定添加纳米羟基磷灰石的适宜质量分数为1％.     

Species identification and mutation breeding of silicon-activating bacteria isolated from electrolytic manganese residue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated...     

西宁市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

地下水是西部干旱地区重要的供水水源，随着西部大开发战略的深入，工业化和城市化发展加大了西宁市对地下水资源量的需求，不合理的开发利用已引起地下水环境发生变化，探明地下水化学演化特征及形成机制，对防止其恶化，确保可持续利用至关重要.运用水化学和多元统计技术相结合的方法，分析了西宁市地下水化学特征，探讨了地下水的形成机制和不同因子的影响程度.结果表明，西宁市浅层地下水化学类型多达36种，以HCO₃-Ca(Mg)(占比60.00%)和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca(Mg)(占比11.81%)为主，草地、林地和裸地中地下水化学类型5～6种，建设用地和耕地中地下水化学类型复杂，多达21种，表明受到人类活动影响较强.研究区地下水化学演化过程主要受岩石风化溶滤、蒸发结晶和阳离子交换作用综合影响，主要控制因素分别是水-岩相互作用(贡献率为27.56%)、工业废水排放(贡献率为16.16%)、酸碱环境(贡献率为16.00%)、化肥、农药的过量施用(贡献率为13.11%)和生活污水(贡献率为8.82%).针对西宁市地下水化学特征及其人类活动影响，提出...     

Reducing the reproductive toxicity activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: a review of mechanisms and prospects

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Food pollution can cause a variety of negative effects on human health, especially reproductive toxicity. Common food contaminants include biological...     

Host acceptance behaviour of the small ermine moth Yponomeuta cagnagellus: larvae and adults use different stimuli

Summary. The sugar alcohol dulcitol is a strong feeding stimulant for larvae of the small ermine moth Yponomeuta cagnagellus. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that dulcitol also acts as an oviposition stimulant for this species. We found that the sugar-alcohol dulcitol was present on the surface of the host Euonymus europaeus. We also showed that (as yet unidentified compounds) can be systemically transferred (i.e. by uptake and transport via the vascular system) from E. europaeus, to the non-host Crataegus monogyna and stimulate oviposition. However, no evidence was found that this stimulatory activity was due to dulcitol. Systemic enrichment of C. monogyna with dulcitol did not induce oviposition on this plant. Neither was the application of pure dulcitol on artificial twigs effective. In addition it was shown that when dulcitol was removed from host plant extracts, oviposition stimulatory activity was retained in the fraction without dulcitol. Synergism between dulcitol and other stimulants could not be demonstrated, however, high concentrations of dulcitol in combination with the main stimulant(s) showed a trend towards enhanced oviposition. It is concluded that the sugar alcohol dulcitol can only play a limited role in adult host acceptance behaviour. The hypothesis that a host shift in the genus Yponomeuta from Celastraceae to Rosaceae might have been facilitated by the presence of small amounts of dulcitol in Rosaceae therefore needs to be restricted to larval feeding behaviour. Received 20 August 1999; accepted 6 December 1999     

复杂系统安全事故致因分析的“认知-约束”模型

随着系统复杂程度的提高,传统的针对机械系统或者机电系统事故致因的“因果事故链”模型对于复杂系统的事故分析显得难以胜任.在对现有事故致因理论及模型进行概述分析的基础上,提出了适用于复杂系统事故分析的“认知-约束”模型,通过分析文献中的事故连锁模型和博帕尔泄露事件,验证了“认知-约束”模型的实用性.最后提出基于机器学习方法和重要节点牵连控制方法的复杂系统崩溃控制策略.研究结果表明预防复杂系统安全事故需要强化安全认知能力,并发展有效的安全控制策略.     

Generation and distribution of PAHs in the process of medical waste incineration

After the deadly earthquake on May 12, 2008 in Wenchuan county of China, several different incineration approaches were used for medical waste disposal. This paper investigates the generation properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the incineration. Samples were collected from the bottom ash in an open burning slash site, surface soil at the open burning site, bottom ash from a simple incinerator, bottom ash generated from the municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator used for medical waste disposal, and bottom ash and fly ash from an incinerator exclusively used for medical waste. The species of PAHs were analyzed, and the toxicity equivalency quantities (TEQs) of samples calculated. Analysis results indicate that the content of total PAHs in fly ash was 1.8 × 10³ times higher than that in bottom ash, and that the strongly carcinogenic PAHs with four or more rings accumulated sensitively in fly ash. The test results of samples gathered from open burning site demonstrate that Acenaphthylene (ACY), Acenaphthene (ACE), Fluorene (FLU), Phenanthrene (PHE), Anthracene (ANT) and other PAHs were inclined to migrate into surrounding environment along air and surface watershed corridors, while 4- to 6-ring PAHs accumulated more likely in soil. Being consistent with other studies, it has also been confirmed that increases in both free oxygen molecules and combustion temperatures could promote the decomposition of polycyclic PAHs. In addition, without the influence of combustion conditions, there is a positive correlation between total PCDD/Fs and total PAHs, although no such relationship has been found for TEQ.     

乌鲁木齐市水泥行业污染现状分析

根据乌鲁木齐市水泥行业的验收监测结果，对其污染现状进行了分析。     

多维旋度大循环经济圈发展模式研究——产业集群视角下以黑龙江省为例

为了定量分析省域空间特征区域间的经济增长关系,通过引入场论理论框架,结合集聚经济学和传统空间区域划分理论观点,提出多维旋度大循环经济圈发展模型。定义资金通量经济场,以资金通量流速和资金通量密度为主要测度指标来衡量特征区域的经济学指标。以黑龙江省大循环经济圈发展模式的建设构思检验模型的合理性,并由此得出黑龙江省实现经济再增长的关键问题是要处理好农林产业、能源产业、其他新兴服务产业同外贸产业之间相互触发、互为依存的激励关系。     

航空装备研制风险的综合赋权-双基点法评估

为实现对航空预研项目技术风险的定量评估,建立技术风险评价指标体系,建立基于综合赋权和双基点方法的综合评估模型,采用层次分析法(AHP)求得主观权重,熵值赋权法求得客观权重,运用线性规划方法求得对2类权重加权的权值,构造综合权重;使用正负理想点间的投影距离代替传统的相对欧式距离对TOPSIS方法进行改进;实例分析中,通过对某航空预研项目5种不同的方案进行风险评估,得出各方案的优劣度,选出了较为优化的技术方案,该方法可用于指导其他装备研制风险的评估。