江油市降水pH值的时间分布特征及控制对策

根据江油市2001～2009年的监测资料,首次分析江油市降水PH值的状况和变化.在降水酸碱类型的频率分布统计特征的基础上,探讨江油市降水pH值的季节分布特征及夏季酸雨的成因,并提出控制措施.     

海上钻井废弃物排放的法规与对策

由于海上废弃物排放法律法规非常严格，使得海上石油工业形势严峻。面对这一情况，美国和加拿大等国家纷纷制定出对石油生产的要求。为了保证其实施，钻井及钻井液公司采取了诸如研究和开发钻井液添加剂体系等各种环境保护对策。     

区域大气污染防治管理系统建设需求分析

区域大气污染防治管理系统是生态环境保护信息化工程(《"十二五"国家政务信息化工程建设规划》中规划的国家级信息系统之一)项目建设的重要内容之一.本文对区域大气污染防治管理系统的建设需求进行了分析,系统针对大尺度的区域性大气环境质量问题,紧密结合国务院"大气污染防治行动计划"的目标任务要求,开展数据调度与综合分析等功能的建设,旨在通过数据分析提高重点区域大气环境质量状况与污染成因的评估能力,通过情景模拟与模型运算为区域大气污染治理措施的制定与动态调整提供定量化数据支持.系统的建设与实施将有望成为国家大气污染防治领域跨部门数据共享与交换的基础工程,为区域大气污染防治工作提供有力的信息化技术支撑.     

Effects of Tourism and Topography on Vegetation Diversity in the Subalpine Meadows of the Dongling Mountains of Beijing,China

Subalpine meadows in the Dongling Mountains (located at E115o26′-115o40′, N40o00′-40o05′) of Beijing, China are important for tourism and the provision of ecosystem services. However, because of poor management serious degradation has occurred on these subalpine meadows. The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative analysis of effects of tourism disturbance and topography on the status and diversity of montane meadow communities and to provide direction for improved management. Sixty quadrats of 2 × 2 m² along 10 transects were set up to collect data on site characteristics and vegetation status. The relationships between community composition and structure, species diversity, and tourism disturbance and topographic variables were analyzed by multivariate methods (TWINSPAN and CCA). The results showed that eight meadow communities were identified by TWINSPAN. Most of them were seriously degraded. The first CCA axis identified an elevation and tourism disturbance intensity gradient, which illustrated that tourism disturbance and elevation were most important factors influencing meadow types, composition and structure. Some resistant species and response species to tourism disturbance were identified and can be used as indicator species of tourism disturbance. Species richness, heterogeneity and evenness were closely related to tourism disturbance and elevation. It is concluded that tourism disturbance must be controlled to enable grassland rehabilitation to occur in the meadows. Measures of effective management of the meadows were discussed.     

离子色谱法测定钻井废水中的Cl-、Br-

利用离子色谱法测定钻井废水中的Cl~-、Br~-,实验结果表明,该方法能准确分析测定样品中的Cl~-和Br~-,相对标准偏差小于2%。同时该方法降低了干扰因素的影响,缩短了分析时间,提高了工作效率,能对钻井废水中的Cl~-和Br~-进行有效的分离,样品的加标回收率达到87%~109%,能准确测定Cl~-和Br~-。同时与硝酸银滴定法测定钻井废水中的Cl~-相比较,当样品中Br~-含量小于Cl~-和Br~-总含量的10%时,两种方法测定Cl~-含量的相对偏差小于5%。     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水,将盘片改为转笼状,并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体,研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下,进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L,出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L,平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％;进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L,出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L,平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

Inducing pollution prevention adoption: effectiveness of the 33/50 voluntary environmental program

The Environmental Protection Agency has encouraged voluntary efforts at pollution prevention by facilities through participation in voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) such as the 33/50 program to reduce toxic releases. This paper examines the effectiveness of the 33/50 program in the adoption of pollution prevention practices and disentangles the effect of adoption from that of program participation on releases of 33/50 chemicals. Using facility-specific panel data and controlling for the endogeneity of program participation and pollution prevention adoption, we find that program participants were 38% more likely to adopt pollution prevention practices than non-participants. Program participants who adopted pollution prevention practices reduced their 33/50 releases by 52% compared to facilities that neither participated nor adopted pollution prevention. This indicates that VEPs that emphasize pollution prevention can play a complementary role in reducing toxic releases.     

基于马尔科夫模型的芜湖市景观格局演变研究

在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下，利用1996年和2003年2个时期的Landsat—TM假彩色合成影像作为信息源，获取芜湖市景观类型的转化数据，并结合国土局的土地详查数据，确定相应的转移概率矩阵，应用马尔科夫过程模拟土地类型景观的动态演变情况和未来演变的趋势。结果表明，随着城市化过程的发展，研究区内各种土地类型不断地向城市用地转化。     

Proteomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis of pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus aquacultures isolated from sewage drains

Vibrio bacteria live in both marine and freshwater habitats and are associated with aquatic animals. Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that infects people and livestock. It is usually found in offshore waters or within fish and shellfish. This study presents a comparative proteomic analysis of the outer membrane protein (OMP) changes in V. vulnificus proteins after stimulation with sewage from sewage drains. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, 32 protein spots with significant differences in abundance were identified and characterized. These identified proteins were found to be involved in various functional categories, including catalysis, transport, membrane proteins progresses, receptor activity, energy metabolism, cytokine activity, and protein metabolism. The mRNA expression levels of 12 differential proteins were further assessed by qRT-PCR. Seven genes including carboxypeptidase, hemoglobin receptor, succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit, ATP synthase subunit alpha, thioredoxin, succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit, and alanine dehydrogenase were downregulated upon stimulation, whereas the protein expression levels HupA receptor, type I secretion outer membrane protein, glutamine synthetase, superoxide dismutase, OmpU, and VuuA were upregulated. ¹H NMR spectra showed 18 dysregulated metabolites from V. vulnificus after the sewage stimulation and the pathogenicity was enhanced after that.

     

水处理中膜分离技术种类及特性研究

随着时代进步,科技发展,中国的环境问题尤其是水污染日益严重,而饮用水质量紧密关系着人们的健康,所以保证饮用水的水质安全,是给水厂重要的使命与责任.膜分离技术由于兼有分离、浓缩、纯化和精制的功能,又有高效、节能、环保、分子级过滤及过滤过程简单、易于控制等特征具有自身独特的优势.给水厂的常规处理工艺已然不能满足水质的要求,深度处理虽能大大提高水质,但是国内逐渐发展起来的超滤技术在去除水中致病微生物方面效果显著.简要介绍膜分离技术的种类及在给水处理中的应用.