杞麓湖“十五”期间污染底泥环境疏浚工程效益评估研究

对疏浚工程前杞麓湖湖泊生态系统存在的问题进行了深入分析，并在对底泥中污染物释放的原理进行简述的基础上，对底泥疏浚工程效益展开详细的评估，认为底泥疏浚有效地带出湖内污染源，疏浚区水质明显改善，扩大了湖容量，并为湖泊水生态系统恢复创造了适宜的光照条件、底质条件和水深条件，有利于水生态系统的自然恢复，促进湖泊生态系统好转。同时，疏浚底泥的吹填改造了湖周围冷浸田，促进了湖周农田基本建设及农业经济的可持续发展。     

突发性环境污染事故应急GIS系统框架的建立

对环境污染事故应急预警系统进行了研究，阐述了构成预誓系统各子系统的设计过程与开发方法，对各子系统的主要构成和功能详细划分，探讨了在事故发生前、中、后各子系统发挥的重要作用，最后对GIS技术在突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统中的应用前景提出了一些看法。     

黄浦江上游支流污染负荷分析及防治对策

对黄浦江上游１４条主要支流的水资源特性，水量、水质和工业，、生活、农田径流、禽畜、泵站等污染源的现状进行了大量的调查，对２０００年各污染源排放量进行了预测。同时，对支流区域内污染物的产生量与影响支流水体污染的成因，及支流的污染负荷进行了分析，提出了相应的水污染综合防治对策。     

川中浅丘农区坡地林农复合系统的综合评价

本文从生物量与生产力、能量转化率、营养元素利用率、价值转换效益方面对坡地林农复合系统进行了研究，并用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）进行了综合效益评价。结果表明，复合系统与对应的对照农地系统相比，前者具有生物量、能量、营养元素、价值的积累效应和较大生物生产潜力，对辅助能、光能、营养元素利用率以及经济效益均比较好。在８个系统中，以一台地林农复合系统的综合效益为最高。     

Exploring the abundance and influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance genes in manure plasmidome from swine farms

Plasmids play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), however, a systematical understanding of ARGs originated from plasmids in swine production is currently lacking. Herein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the prevalence of ten ARGs and the class1 integron gene intI1 of plasmid source in swine manure from 44 farms in Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei provinces, China. All assayed ARGs were observed in plasmid DNA samples, and the average absolute abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr, bla_NDM, bla_CTX-M, optrA, ermB, floR, mcr-1, qnrS, tetM, sul1 and intI1 were 7.09, 2.90, 4.67, 6.62, 7.55, 7.14, 4.08, 4.85, 7.16, 7.11 and 8.07 of 10 log copies/gram, respectively. IntI1 showed a high correlation (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) with the abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr and sul1 in swine manure. Moreover, the farm scale (i.e., herd population) and geographical location were not found to be critical factors influencing the absolute abundance of ARGs of plasmid DNA in swine farms. However, the concentrations of florfenicol, Cu, Zn, Fe, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) demonstrated a significant correlation with the abundance of several ARGs. Particularly, Cu and Zn had high correlations with optrA and bla_CTX-M, respectively. Our results demonstrated that antibiotics, heavy metals and environmental nutrients are likely jointly contributing to the long-term persistence of ARGs in swine production. This study provides insights into the abundance and influencing factors of ARGs from swine manure, which is of significance for assessing and reducing the public health risks in livestock production.     

固定化聚铝的制备及在纸品加工废水处理中的应用

经水解尿素均匀沉淀 灼烧 ,在素瓷表面制备可能有共价结合的铝胶膜 ;铝胶薄膜载体与经复分解反应制得的氯化铝悬浊液共熟化 ,在其表面生成聚铝 ,经烧结进一步固化而制得固定化聚铝絮凝剂。经三级固定化絮凝剂床处理 ,纸品加工废水的COD、BOD、悬浮物、硫化物、色度等指标可分别降低 93 %、77%、97%、94%、80 %。     

Transformation and migration of phosphorus in excess sludge reduction pretreatment by alkaline ferrate oxidation combined with anaerobic digestion

Recently,more and more attention has been paid to the strong oxidation ability of newly prepared potassium ferrate(NAPF) in sludge reduction process,but less attention has been paid to the change of phosphorus in this process.The feasibility of phosphorus migration and transformation during excess sludge reduction pretre atment using NAPF pre-oxidation combined with anaerobic digestion was investigated.After 70 mg/g suspended solids NAPF pretreatment and 16 days anaerobic digestion,the solid-phase volatile suspended solids decreased by 44.2%,and much organic matter had been released into the liquid-phase and then degraded during digestion by indigenous microorganisms.As the sludge pre-oxidation process was performed,solid-phase organic phosphorus and chemically combined phosphorus also released into the liquid-phase as PO_4~(3-),peaking at 100 mg/L.During anaerobic digestion,the Fe~(3+)in the liquid-phase was gradually reduced to Fe~(2+),and then formed Fe~(2+)-PO_4~(3-) compound crystals and re-migrated to the solid-phase.The concentration of PO_4~(3-) decreased to 17.08± 1.1 mg/L in the liquid-phase after anaerobic digestion.Finally,the phosphorus in the Fe~(2+)-PO_4~(3-) compound accounts for 80% of the total phosphorus in the solid-phase.A large number of vivianite crystals in sludge were observed.Therefore,this technology not only effectively reduces sludge,but also increases the proportion of PO_4~(3-)in the sludge in the form of Vivianite.     

巴松措表层沉积物中腐殖酸与富里酸的特性

采用紫外吸收光谱和GC-MS扫描解析,对西藏东南部湖泊巴松措表层沉积物中的腐殖酸和富里酸特性进行研究.结果表明,巴松措表层沉积物中腐殖酸和富里酸的紫外吸光度在200~400nm间较400~800nm间明显增加,富里酸在270nm附近出现弱而钝的双肩吸收,表明其中存在芳香环结构.腐殖酸和富里酸在254nm处的吸光度普遍偏低,表明其中难降解有机物的含量较低.通过紫外吸收特征值（A₄₆₅/A₆₆₅）分析得出,巴松措表层沉积物腐殖酸和富里酸的腐殖化程度较低.在人类活动频繁的区域,腐殖酸和富里酸的腐殖化程度相对于其他区域较高.根据GC-MS扫描解析,匹配度较高物质的分子式为C₁₅H₂₄,分子量为204,其结构中都含有芳香环,且含有脂肪链、不饱和烃、甲基、亚甲基、异丙基、环丙烷、己烷和萘等结构,均属于芳香族化合物,与紫外吸收光谱的分析结果一致.匹配度较高的物质推断属于类色氨酸.     

典型稻田土壤真菌群落结构及多样性对比

为了解中国主要稻作区内不同母质发育的稻田土壤真菌群落结构和多样性差异,本研究选取由砖红壤、红壤、盐碱土、黑土和紫色土发育而来的5种中国典型稻田土壤为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性进行对比分析.结果表明：5种典型稻田土壤的含水量、pH值、盐度及容重差异显著（P<0.05）;从Chao1指数来看,稻田土壤真菌群落丰度红壤型 > 黑土型 > 砖红壤型 > 紫色土型 > 盐碱土型.从ACE指数来看,群落丰度黑土型 > 红壤型 > 砖红壤型 > 紫色土型 > 盐碱土型.Shannon指数和Simpson指数均表现为群落多样性黑土型 > 紫色土型 > 红壤型 > 砖红壤型 > 盐碱土型;5种典型稻田土壤真菌门水平相对丰度最高的均是子囊菌门（Ascomycota）;砖红壤型和红壤型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属（Emericellopsis）,紫色土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属、枝鼻菌属（Cladorrhinum）和柄孢壳属（Zopfiella）,黑土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为翅孢壳属和明梭孢属（Monographella）,盐碱土型稻田土壤的优势真菌属为瓶头霉属（Phialocephala）;石黄衣属（Xanthoria）、Cyberlindnera、青霉菌属（Penicillium）和Westerdykella的相对丰度与土壤pH值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,Ceroophora的相对丰度与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;帚枝霉属（Sarocladium）的相对丰度与可溶性有机碳呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.以上研究表明,稻田真菌的群落结构和多样性受稻田开垦前土壤类型的影响,真菌物种丰度和优势菌种类型对土壤理化性质变化的响应较为敏感.