湿润区与干旱区典型湖泊湿地对比案例研究

选取东部湿润区与西北干早区典型湖泊湿地--洞庭湖湿地与艾比湖湿地,对其湿地资源特征、湿地生态服务功能及价值、湿地退化的表征和退化湿地生态恢复对策等方面进行了比较研究.通过研究发现,湿润区湖泊湿地资源禀赋优于干早区湖泊湿地,湿润区湖泊湿地与干旱区湖泊湿地均具有较强的生态服务功能和较高的价值,在湿地退化表征方面有共性也有差异,针对不同气候区域的退化湖泊湿地应采取不同的恢复对策.     

Long-range atmospheric transport of persistent organochlorinated compounds from south and mainland south-eastern Asia to a remote mountain site in south-western China

A range of organochlorinated compounds have been consumed in China, India and the countries of mainland southeast Asia (MSA). Considering their persistence in the environment and ability in long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), the potential outflow of these compounds from this region is therefore of great concern in the context of the global distribution of toxic chemicals. As part of a monitoring campaign aimed at investigating the LRAT of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from southern China, MSA and northern India, atmospheric levels of OCPs and PCBs were measured once a week from October 2005 through December 2006 at Tengchong Mountain (TM), a remote site located in south-western China. The average concentrations of OCPs were found to be higher than those in other remote stations in the Arctic and the Tibetan plateau, except for α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH). A high level of β-HCH and low α-HCH/β-HCH ratio was attributed to an accidental release of β-HCH from unknown sources, besides obvious evidence of lindane (γ-HCH) and technical HCH usage. Temporal variations of chlordanes and endosulfan were related to the usage pattern of these compounds, as well as LRAT. In contrast, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exhibited a relatively minor seasonal variation. The OCP levels at the monitoring site were found to be related to the air parcel back trajectories on the basis of four distinct clusters. Elevated levels of HCHs and DDTs were observed when air parcels originated from northern India where considerable OCP usage was reported recently, while high levels of γ-HCH and TC (trans-chlordane) were mainly associated with air masses from southern China and northern MSA. The study highlighted the high background level of OCPs as well as their temporal patterns of trans-boundary LRAT in the MSA region.     

水溶液中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的UV/H2O2矿化试验

采用UV/H2O2催化氧化工艺进行水中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-10)的降解和矿化试验,考察了H2O2投加量、溶液初始pH值、UV功率和反应温度对NP-10矿化效率的影响,并采用GC-MS对降解过程中间产物进行初步分析。结果表明:UV/H2O2体系能有效降解水溶液中的NP-10,在NP-10初始质量浓度为100.0mg/L、UV功率为45W、H2O2投加量为10.0mmol/L、溶液初始pH值为3.0、反应温度为25℃的条件下,20min时NP-10的去除率可达98.0%以上,240min时TOC去除率可达98.3%;NP-10的矿化过程符合拟一级动力学,矿化速率常数随光强和H2O2投加量的增加而增加,较低的pH值和较高的反应温度有助于NP-10的矿化;降解中间产物主要是酚类化合物;随着反应时间的增加,NP-10及其降解中间产物可以被完全矿化成CO2和H2O。     

PM2.5与呼吸防护

本文针对社会公众普遍关心的PM2.5及其呼吸防护等问题,从PM2.5的尺寸、组成和危害及自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器的技术要求重点探讨了PM2.5可不可以防、如何来防,以期解除公众对PM2.5的神秘感,同时也提出了公众在面临PM2.5和大气污染时的应对策略。     

环境工艺方法论研究——分解与综合

分解与综合法是环境工艺一般方法论中的重要应用方法与程序。本文论述了分解与综合法的含义及其在环境工艺中的应用实例,并对其哲学内涵进行了探讨。     

金针菇产漆酶发酵条件的优化

采用液体摇瓶培养方法,探讨了碳源、氮源、pH值、培养时间等各种因素对金针菇分泌漆酶能力的影响,并采用正交试验对主要的影响因素进行了优化.优化培养条件为:pH在5.0-6.0范围内有利于金针菇漆酶的分泌,且以pH5.5为最佳;以葡萄糖为最佳碳源,尿素为最佳氮源,Cu2+浓度为60μmol/L有利于漆酶的分泌.正交试验表明,葡萄糖20g/L、尿素2g/L、250mL容量瓶中装液量50mL、pH5.5,以邻联甲苯胺作底物,经7d培养,金针菇漆酶酶活达最高峰,峰值酶活为328U/mL.     

湖南省水能资源开发研究

介绍了湖南省水能资源的基本情况,重点讨论了水能开发对策,分流域阐述了省内湘、资、源、澧四水的水能开发问题。水能开发对策包括:水能开发应作为全省经济发展的重点之一,应以大中型水电站的建设为“龙头”,与地域经济发展相结合;着重抓好发电与送电相结合,水电与火电相结合,水电与水利相结合,水能开发与减灾相结合。     

生态公益林建设管理的环境经济政策分析--以广州市为例

根据环境经济学的外部性理论 ,生态公益林建设管理具有外部经济性。使生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化的主要手段是“调节市场”型的环境经济政策 ,即由政府向公众征收生态公益林建设管理费用 ,而“建立市场”型的环境经济政策———明晰生态公益林的产权、承包经营权 ,则是生态公益林建设管理外部性内部化和生态公益林有效管理的需要。广州市生态公益林建设管理中存在的建设管理资金不足、林地的使用权分散、对林农补偿的数量难以确定等问题 ,有待于上述两种环境经济政策来解决     

Influence of pesticides on activities of invertase,amylase and level of adenosine triphosphate in organic soil

Laboratory tests showed that none of the pesticide treatments inhibited invertase and amylase activities. With the exception of nitrapyrin at the low level, all treatments inhibited ATP in the soil for 1 day and then showed a rapid recovery.     

β-环糊精与聚丙烯酰胺的接枝化合物及其对水中污染物的絮凝作用

合成了聚丙烯酰胺与环糊精的接枝化合物，研究了该接枝化合物对模拟水样中污染物的去除能力。试验结果表明，β-环糊精和聚丙烯酰胺的接枝化合物与聚丙烯酰胺相比，对重金属离子Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 、Pb^2 ，苯酚和苯胺的去除能力皆有一定的提高。