内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应研究进展

传统毒理学理论认为,有毒物质产生毒害作用的剂量-效应关系是线性单调的,线性剂量-效应关系也是目前管理毒理学中计算化学品安全剂量的理论基础。但越来越多的研究显示,内分泌干扰物的剂量-效应关系通常不是线性的,而是U型、倒U型或更复杂的非单调剂量-效应曲线形式。以典型案例的形式介绍了近年来生理激素和内分泌干扰物非单调剂量-效应的研究进展,总结了目前认为形成非单调剂量-效应关系的机制。在此基础上,讨论了内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应给目前管理毒理学中的化学品风险评价带来的挑战,并提出该领域未来的研究方向。     

有机废水有效微生物处理实验研究

应用有效微生物对高浓度有机工业废水进行处理实验,初步探讨了影响有效微生物废水处理的几个重要主其特点。首先对有效微生物进行驯化,然后进行工业废水处理实验。结果表明,采取间歇式曝气,采取间歇式曝气,接种量为１／５０００,酸度控制在偏酸性范围,与常规废水处理相比,具有节约能源、废泥产生量少、除臭等特点。     

超滤法处理含乳化油废液

采用板框式超滤装置对钢管玫冷却用乳化油废液进行处理试验,结果表明,板框式超滤器在压力低于０．４０ＭＰａ,运行温度４０－４５℃条件下,配用ＰＳＦ超滤膜,可将乳化油废液一次连续浓缩,含油量由２％增至４０－５０％,体积２０倍,超滤平均通量５－２０Ｌ（ｍ＾２．ｈ）＾－１,渗透液中含油量降至１００ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１以下,油分截留率大于９９％,ＣＯＤ截留率大于９０％     

Ruthenium-driven catalysis for sustainable water decontamination: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The worldwide demand for clean water is rising worldwide, yet wastewater decontamination is actually limited by the presence of refractory organic and inorganic...     

硼矿脱除废气中二氧化硫的研究

研究硼矿脱硫的工艺条件,提出用低品位硼矿脱除废气中二氧化硫,单塔脱硫率在80％以上,硼矿三氧化二硼品位提高一倍,该法经济合理,有利于资源综合利用.     

结合中学地理教学开展环保宣传教育的途径

环境保护是中国的一项基本国策,加强对中学生环境保护宣传教育是学校教育的重要内容。根据中学生的特点,并结合教学实践,提出了串联法、对比法、调查法和引导法等中学地理教学中开展环境保护教育的途径,有利于提高教学质量和教学效果,进而增强中学生的环境保护意识。     

Chemical content and source apportionment of 36 heavy metal analysis and health risk assessment in aerosol of Beijing

The concentration levels of 36 airborne heavy metals and atmospheric radioactivity in total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were measured to investigate the chemical characteristics, potential sources of aerosols, and health risk in Beijing, China, from September 2016 to September 2017. The TSP concentrations varied from 6.93 to 469.18 μg/m³, with a median of 133.97 μg/m³. The order for the mean concentrations of heavy metals, known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), was as follows: Mn > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Se > Cd > Co > Sb > Hg > Be; Non-Designated HAPs Metals: Ca > Fe > Mg > Al > K > Na > Zn > P > Ba > Ti > Cu > Sr > B > Sn > I > V > Rb > Ce > Mo > Cs > Th > Ag > U > Pt. The median concentration of As was higher than China air quality standard (6 ng/m³). The gross α and β concentration levels in aerosols were (1.84?±?1.59) mBg/m³ and (1.15?±?0.85) mBg/m³, respectively. The enrichment factor values of Cu, Ba, B, Ce, Tl, Cs, Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Fe, Zn, Sn, I, Mo, and Ag were higher than 10, which indicated enriched results from anthropogenic sources. Pb, As, and Cd are considered to originate from multiple sources; fireworks released Ba during China spring festival; Fe, Ce, and Cs may come from stable emissions such as industrial gases. The health risks from anthropogenic metals via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal pathway were estimated on the basis of health quotient as well as the results indicated that children faced the higher risk than adults during the research period. For adults, the health risk posed by heavy metals in atmospheric particles was below the acceptable level.

     

Effect of rice-straw biochar on selective biodegradation of nonylphenols in isomer specificity

In a previous study, we found that rice-straw biochar degraded and removed hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) through coupled adsorption-biodegradation. However, few studies have determined whether biochar affects HOC isomer degradation and isomer-selective biodegradation or whether biochar can alter HOC isomer features, resulting in changes to HOC isomer residues in water environments. In this study, the effects of biochar at two dosages (0.001 and 0.01 g) on the biodegradation of ten isomers of a typical xenoestrogen of nonylphenol (NP) were evaluated. The results revealed that there were no effects of biochar on the adsorption of NP isomers. However, biochar addition affected the biodegradation of a specific isomer without altering the features of the NP isomers. The treatment of NP isomers with Pseudoxanthomonas sp. yielded degradation ratios ranging from 60.7 to 100%. At 0.001 g biochar treatment, the degradation of eight NP isomers was enhanced (except for NP₁₉₄ and NP_193a+b) due to their bulky structures. The degradation of the ten NP isomers was inhibited when 0.01 g biochar was added. These findings characterized the effects of biochar on NP isomer contaminants and provided basic information for the application of biochar for the remediation of NP isomer contaminants.

     

Release of pentachlorophenol from black carbon-inclusive sediments under different environmental conditions

To investigate the feasibility of using black carbon (BC) in the control of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediment, we added BCs from various sources (rice straw charcoal (RC), fly ash (FC) and soot (SC)) to sediment to create different BC-inclusive sediments and studied the release of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the sediments under different condition. Different pH values had no obvious effect on the release of PCP in BC-inclusive sediment, but solid/liquid ratio, temperature, salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) content had significant influences on the release of PCP in all sediments except the RC-inclusive sediment. Adding 2% RC to sediment resulted in a 90% decrease in PCP release, which was a greater decrease than observed with FC- and SC-inclusive sediments. Therefore, from the standpoint of HOC release, the application of RC is feasible for organic pollution control in the water environment.     

两段式蚯蚓强化快速渗滤系统的试验研究

通过分析不同水力负荷下两段式蚯蚓强化快速渗滤系统进出水水质以及堵塞问题,研究水力负荷对两段式蚯蚓强化快速渗滤系统污水处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,陶粒柱中,当水力负荷从2 m3/(m2·d)提高到6 m2/(m2·d)时,COD去除率下降.水力负荷对出水污泥SS的影响不显著,但出水污泥VSS/SS却与水力负荷呈极显著正相关;煤渣桂中,水力负荷提高对有机物去除效果有一定的影响,但影响程度较小.随水力负荷的提高,煤渣柱出水NH4 -N浓度逐渐升高.其平均去除率分别为74.51%,58.21%、45.53%,下降趋势明显;由于陶粒柱中蚯蚓的作用和陶粒柱的预处理作用,在提高水力负荷的情况下,陶粒柱和煤渣柱均未发生堵塞问题,装置运行稳定.