基于生态足迹我国三大经济圈可持续发展能力研究

本文基于当前国际上流行的生态足迹(Ecological Footprint,简称EF)模型,以可持续发展理论、区域经济学理论、生态经济理论等相关理论为基础,理论分析与实证分析、定性分析与定量分析相结合的原则,采用社会经济各相关部门的统计数据、相关研究报告的资料,针对中国东部地区三大经济圈的实际情况,建立了区域可持续发展评价指标,评价了三大经济圈的可持续发展能力,明确了当前三大经济圈社会经济发展所处的状态、存在的问题,研究结果可以为制定保证三大经济圈社会、经济实现可持续发展的政策提供科学依据和指导.研究表明,我国三大经济圈可持续发展能力较差,内部的经济与环境不协调性以及不合理的经济结构是制约三大经济圈可持续发展的主要问题.     

陶庄矿区深井水位的发震信息

利用山东省枣庄市陶庄煤矿区鲁15井水位观测资料,采用多道Weiner滤波方法研究其中所隐含的孕震信息,结论是没有明显的矿震中期前兆异常,临震前兆异常明显,每次矿震前都有水位的短临变化。     

外源亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐在土壤中的价态转化及其生物有效性

采用土培盆栽试验和化学分析方法相结合的方法,研究了外源亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐态硒在土壤中的价态转化及其生物有效性,旨在为富硒蔬菜的开发和硒污染土壤的生物修复提供依据.结果表明,当土壤中外源施入亚硒酸盐时,小白菜不同生长时期土壤总硒、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(0)含量均随外源硒浓度的增加显著升高(p<0.05);而当土壤外源施入硒酸盐...     

水生植物对面源污水净化效率研究

于自然条件下研究了慈茹、菱白等7种水生植物对面源污水的净化率。结果表明,7种试验植物对水体中N、P均有很高的净化率,其中以慈茹和菱白的综合净化率为最高。由于不同植物对N、P的净化率不同,所以多种植物配置可提高植物对面源污水的综合净化率。     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

城市区域土壤铅含量空间变异的多尺度研究进展

我国城市土壤仍存在Pb的严重富集,准确地评价土壤Pb污染水平和范围是进行科学的土壤Pb污染风险评估和管理的基础.城市土壤Pb含量的空间变异性强且结构复杂,现有的大多数研究在单一空间尺度上开展,不足以全面揭示空间结构特征,不利于促进更加科学的风险评估和管理.因此,探寻一种能够全面揭示城市土壤Pb含量的空间结构信息的方法尤为重要.为了实现这一目的,本文首先分析了造成城市土壤Pb含量高空间变异性的主要因素:污染源的多样性、污染过程的层次性,以及城市景观的异质性.在此基础上归纳出城市土壤Pb含量的空间变异特征——由3个空间层次嵌套而成的等级结构.在此概念性的空间结构之上提出一个基于地统计学理论、以线性混合效应模型为核心的方法框架,可以将城市土壤Pb含量的空间结构划分为3个层次:全局趋势、具有空间自相关的随机变异以及异常高值点.最后,提出完善城市土壤Pb含量空间变异多尺度研究的重点是:探讨更加高效的空间抽样策略;确定特征尺度.     

天津中心城区夏季非甲烷有机化合物组成特征及其臭氧产生潜力分析

大气中非甲烷有机化合物(NMOCs)作为臭氧产生前体物之一,其浓度与组成特征研究对于研究地面臭氧形成的机制有重要的科学意义.选择夏季时段从2009年8月6日到13日在天津中心城区气象局铁塔站位对NMOCs进行采样分析,采样频次为每日5次,采样时间从7:30am到23:00pm间隔2～3h采样1次.天津城区NMOCs的含...     

Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

HSE管理体系运行常见问题分析及对策

1HSE管理体系运行的常见问题国内石油企业推行HSE管理体系已经十余年,在从上到下各级领导的高度重视下,由最初的少数企业行为,发展到现今的全面推进实施,普遍应用这一系统方法管理企业职业健康、安全和环境工作,