菌株Cupriavidus sp. DT-1对液体和土壤中TCP的降解

采用液质联用（HPLC-MS）的方法检测菌株Cupriavidus sp.DT-1降解2-羟基吡啶（2-HP）的代谢产物.并用三亲结合、荧光定量PCR （q-PCR）方法评价降解菌对3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCP）污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明,菌株可以进一步降解2-HP,依次生成尼古丁蓝、马来酰胺酸和反丁烯二酸,直至转化成菌株DT-1生长的碳源.接种菌株DT-1对污染土壤中TCP的降解起到较大的促进作用,2组试验土壤中TCP （50mg/kg）降解率分别为94.4%和86.7%,未接种菌株的土壤中TCP降解率仅为20.4%和28.4%.带有绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp标记的菌株DT-1-gfp可在土壤中存活35d以上,并对TCP污染土壤的细菌群落丰度有显著的恢复作用.     

Investigation of suitable precursors for manganese oxide catalysts in ethyl acetate oxidation

The control of ethyl acetate emissions from fermentation and extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance to the environment. We have developed three Mn₂O₃ catalysts by using different Mn precursors (MnCl₂, Mn(CH₃COO)₂, MnSO₄), named as Mn₂O₃-Cl, -Ac, -SO₄. The tested catalytic activity results showed a sequence with Mn precursors as: Mn₂O₃-Cl > Mn₂O₃-Ac > Mn₂O₃-SO₄. The Mn₂O₃-Cl catalyst reached a complete ethyl acetate conversion at 212℃ (75℃ lower than that of Mn₂O₃-SO₄), and this high activity 100% could be maintained high at 212℃ for at least 100 hr. The characterization data about the physical properties of catalysts did not show an obvious correlation between the structure and morphology of Mn₂O₃ catalysts and catalytic performance, neither was the surface area the determining factor for catalytic activity in the ethyl acetate oxidation. Here we firstly found there is a close linear relationship between the catalytic activity and the amount of lattice oxygen species in the ethyl acetate oxidation, indicating that lattice oxygen species were essential for excellent catalytic activity. Through H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) results, we found that the lowest initial reduction temperature over the Mn₂O₃-Cl had stronger oxygen mobility, thus more oxygen species participated in the oxidation reaction, resulting in the highest catalytic performance. With convenient preparation, high efficiency, and stability, Mn₂O₃ prepared with MnCl₂ will be a promising catalyst for removing ethyl acetate in practical application.     

基于摩擦纳米发电机的微塑料实时检测实验研究

采用基于自供电的摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)技术,设计开发了一种利用间断液柱检测水样内微塑料颗粒尺寸和丰度的实时快速检测方法和装置,并通过实验测试完成了对微塑料的尺寸形貌表征和化学元素组成的实时高效检测.研究发现,去离子水中加入微塑料颗粒时,溶液中zeta电位降低,改变了管壁表面的极化电场方向;随着水溶液中微塑料颗粒直径或丰度的增加,开路电压呈现减小趋势,50μm时减小了43.1%,0.250%浓度时减小了79.6%;微塑料颗粒对自来水的开路电压影响显著,以10μm微塑料颗粒为例,开路电压减小了20%,证明了TENG技术对海洋微塑料检测的可行性.     

长三角地区全氟温室气体本底特征及来源

采用位于长三角地区的临安区域大气本底站罐采样获得的全氟温室气体（PFCs、SF₆、NF₃、SO₂F₂）浓度,分析2011~2020年该地区大气中全氟温室气体的浓度分布特征和变化趋势.结果显示,临安站绝大部分全氟温室气体的浓度均呈现逐年升高的变化趋势,至2020年长三角地区全氟温室气体本底浓度分别达到（86.30±0.52）×10^-12（CF₄）、（5.03±0.00）×10^-12（C₂F₆）、（0.70±0.01）×10^-12（C₃F₈）、（1.82±0.00）×10^-12（c-C₄F₈）、（10.44±0.01）×10^-12（SF₆）、（2.36±0.04）×10^-12（NF₃）、（2.61±0.05）×10^-12（SO₂F₂）.长三角地区大部分全氟温室气体的本底浓度与全球本底值接近.通过对临安站全氟温室气体污染浓度的潜在源贡献作用（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹（CWT）分析显示,临安站全氟化碳PFCs （CF₄、C₄F₁₀、C₂F₆、C₃F₈、c-C₄F₈）的潜在源区主要包括山东、江苏、安徽、上海、浙江中北部和江西东北部地区,NF₃、SF₆、SO₂F₂的潜在源区则集中在江苏中南部、上海、浙北地区.     

Difference in calcium ion precipitation between free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2

Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods. However, the low sodium chloride (NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations. Here, calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater (10% NaCl) were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined. The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies, abundant organic functional groups (C-H, C-O-C, C=O, etc), protein secondary structures (β-sheet, α-helix, 3₁₀ helix, and β-turn), P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p, and more negative δ¹³C_PDB (‰) values (-16.8‰ to -18.4‰). The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method. Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions, by the 10^th day, Ca²⁺ ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89% and 80%-88% with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations. Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation, and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria. Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together, had higher contents of Mg, P, and S, lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures. This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater, providing an easy step in the process of desalination.     

基于STIRPAT模型天津减污降碳协同效应多维度分析

基于STIRPAT模型,从排放总量、减排量和协同效应系数这3个维度定量分析了天津市减污降碳协同效应.结果表明,天津市大气污染物和温室气体的主要排放源均为工业源,大气污染物和温室气体的Pearson相关系数为0.984;人口总数、城镇化率、地区生产总值、能源强度和二氧化碳排放强度是影响天津市减污降碳协同效应的重要因素;天津市2011年和2012年大气污染物和温室气体协同增排,协同效应系数分别为0.18和0.17;2013~2014年和2018~2023年大气污染物减排且温室气体增排,协同效应系数均小于0,减污降碳不具有协同效应;2015~2017年和2024~2060年大气污染物和温室气体同时减排,协同效应系数范围为2.74~8.76.天津市具备在2024年进入减污降碳协同增效阶段的条件,天津市推动减污降碳协同增效最关键的是严格控制温室气体排放总量,持续推动能源强度和二氧化碳排放强度的下降,合理控制人口总数、城镇化率和地区生产总值.     

邢台市冬季一次重污染过程PM2.5污染特征分析

为了解邢台市秋冬季重污染过程的污染特征,于2018年11月10-16日,在邢台市一中、内丘以及沙河3个点位采集PM2.5样品,分析PM2.5浓度及其化学组分.结果表明:重污染过程期间邢台市PM2.5平均浓度为176.2 μg/m3,超过GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值1.4倍;水溶性离子以NO3...     

廊坊开发区秋季VOCs污染特征及来源解析

使用ZF-PKU-1007大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）在线连续监测系统,于2018年09月25日~10月18日在廊坊市经济技术开发区对99种VOCs进行了在线连续观测.结果显示,观测期间VOCs浓度为69.56×10^-9,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醛酮类及卤代烃体积分数占VOCs比例分别为53.2%、5.9%、7.6%、10.5%和19.3%;使用OH消耗速率L_OH和臭氧生成潜势（OFP）估算了观测期间VOCs大气化学反应活性,结果表明醛酮类、芳香烃和烯烃是主要的活性物质;使用气溶胶生成系数法（FAC）估算了VOCs对二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的贡献,得出VOCs对SOA浓度的贡献值为1.13μg/m³,其中芳香烃对SOA生成贡献占比为94.3%,间/对-二甲苯、甲苯为优势物种;使用PMF模型对VOCs进行了来源解析,识别了5个主要来源,分别为溶剂使用及挥发源（39.6%）、机动车源（22.5%）、固定燃烧源（17.6%）、石化工业源（11.1%）及植物排放源（9.4%）,因此,溶剂使用及挥发源、机动车源及燃烧源应为廊坊开发区秋季大气VOCs控制的重点.