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801.
通过一维模拟柱实验,研究了分层非均质含水层下不同介质组合对原位空气扰动技术修复苯污染地下水的影响.结果表明:在曝气流量为0.1 L/min,分层非均质的介质渗透系数在同一数量级时,分层情况的改变对污染物的去除效率影响不大;当分层非均质的介质渗透系数不在同一数量级时,下层渗透系数变大会使砂柱上层污染物浓度先升高后降低的现象更加明显,而下层渗透系数变小会使砂柱上下层污染物的去除效率相差不大.分层情况下不同介质组合影响苯的平均去除效率,在分层非均质条件下,气流由低渗透介质进入高渗透介质,污染物的去除速率相对更快,污染物的平均去除效率主要取决于分层非均质上层介质,其污染物平均去除效率曲线与分层非均质上层介质均质大致相同. 相似文献
802.
不同草本植物间作对Cd污染土壤的修复效果 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了研究不同草本植物间作对空心菜Cd吸收效果及污染土壤中Cd移除率的影响,采用盆栽试验,以空心菜茎叶Cd消减率与土壤中Cd移除率为主要指标,研究了空心菜在Cd污染土壤中单作及与10种草本植物(高丹草,苏丹草,狼尾草,黑麦草,苦卖菜,菊苣,籽粒苋,三叶草,紫花苜蓿,紫云英)间作的Cd积累效应与对Cd污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明:不同间作处理对空心菜茎叶与根中Cd含量有显著影响,其中,空心菜与高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草间作后,空心菜茎叶Cd含量显著降低,空心菜茎叶Cd的消减率分别达到34.0%、35.8%、34.3%;菊苣、籽粒苋、三叶草、紫花苜蓿及紫云英与空心菜间作对空心菜茎叶Cd吸收有不同程度促进作用.间作的不同草本植物对土壤中Cd的吸收间有显著差异,地上部Cd含量范围1.81~12.87mg/kg,最大相差7.1倍;不同间作植物茎叶中Cd含量大小为:苦荬菜 > 菊苣 > 苏丹草≈黑麦草 > 高丹草≈狼尾草 > 紫花苜蓿≈籽粒苋 > 三叶草≈紫云英.不同草本植物与空心菜间作对土壤Cd移除率为0.35%~1.49%,其中,高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草对土壤Cd的移除率分别达到1.46%、1.49%和1.48%;高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草间作不仅可以有效降低空心菜Cd含量,同时对污染土壤中Cd具有较高的移除率,在Cd污染农田土壤的间作修复中具有较好的应用价值. 相似文献
803.
Wenjun Dong Jia Guo Lijun Xu Zhifeng Song Jun Zhang Ao Tang Xijuan Zhang Chunxu Leng Youhong Liu Lianmin Wang Lizhi Wang Yang Yu Zhongliang Yang Yilei Yu Ying Meng Yongcai Lai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):289-297
Water regime and nitrogen (N) fertilizer are two important factors impacting greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from paddy field, whereas their effects have not been well studied in cold region. In this study, we conducted a two-year field experiment to study the impacts of water regime and N fertilizer on rice yields and GHG emissions in Harbin, China, a cold region located in high latitudes. Our results showed that intermittent irrigation significantly decreased methane (CH4) emission compared with continuous flooding, however, the decrement was far lower than the global average level. The N2O emissions were very small when flooded but peaked at the beginning of the disappearance of floodwater. The N fertilizer treatments increased CH4 emissions at low level (75kgN/ha). But both CH4 and N2O emissions were uninfluenced at the levels of 150kgN/ha and 225kgN/ha. Rice yields increased under intermittent irrigation and were highest at the level of 150kgN/ha. From our results, we recommended that the intermittent irrigation and 150kgN/ha as the ideal water regime-nitrogen fertilizer incorporation for this area to achieve low GHG emissions without impacting rice yields. 相似文献
804.
Xiaocui Dong Lemeng Zhang Meng Chen Zhibin Yang Zhenghong Zuo Chonggang Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):126-132
Difenoconazole(DFZ) is a triazole fungicide which has been detected in the aquatic environment, including estuaries and embayments. However, few studies addressing the reproductive toxicity and transgenerational effects of DFZ on marine fishes are available.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of DFZ on male marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma). After exposure of the embryo to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/L DFZ for180 days, the gonadosomatic index was significantly decreased in the 1000 ng/L treatment.The number of sperm was reduced while the abundances of spermatocytes and spermatogonia in the testes were increased in all the treatments. The m RNA levels of salmontype gnrh(sgnrh), the luteinizing hormone(lhβ) and the follicle-stimulating hormone(fshβ)genes in the brain all exhibited a significant down-regulation, the expression of androgen receptors(arα and arβ) was decreased and that of estrogen receptor β and cytochrome P450 aromatase(cyp19 B) was increased in the testes. The expression levels of cyp19 A and cyp19 B were increased in the liver. The decrease of ars m RNA levels might be one of the reasons causing the reduction of sperm. The down-regulation of sgnrh, lhβ and fshβ m RNA levels suggested that DFZ might impact the spermatogenesis via the brain–pituitary–gonad pathway. The decrease of the fertilization success, the hatch ability and the swim-up success in the F1 generation indicated that DFZ pollution at environmental levels might cause a decrease of wild fish populations. 相似文献
805.
Sai Xu Wenjing Lu Farooq Mustafa Muhamma Yanting Liu Hanwen Guo Ruihong Meng Hongtao Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):367-374
The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation is an ecologically important process for reducing the potential methane emission into the atmosphere. The responsible bacterium for this process was Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera belonging to the bacterial phylum of NC10. In this study, a new pair of primers targeting all the five groups of NC10 bacteria was designed to amplify NC10 bacteria from different environmental niches. The results showed that the group A was the dominant NC10 phylum bacteria from the sludges and food waste digestate while in paddy soil samples, group A and group B had nearly the same proportion. Our results also indicated that NC10 bacteria could exist in a high pH environment (pH 9.24) from the food waste treatment facility. The Pearson relationship analysis showed that the pH had a significant positive relationship with the NC10 bacterial diversity (p < 0.05). The redundancy analysis further revealed that the pH, volatile solid and nitrite nitrogen were the most important factors in shaping the NC10 bacterial structure (p = 0.01) based on the variation inflation factors selection and Monte Carlo test (999 times). Results of this study extended the existing molecular tools for studying the NC10 bacterial community structures and provided new information on the ecological distributions of NC10 bacteria. 相似文献
806.
Tunnel displays a typical semi-closed environment, and multitudes of the pollutants tend to accumulate. The samples of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) were collected from the Xiangyin tunnel at Shanghai to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant emissions. The results indicated that both gaseous pollutants and PM exhibited much higher concentrations during the rush hours in the morning and at night due to vehicle emission. Two peaks of the PM concentration were observed in the scope of 0.7‐1.1 and 3.3–4.7 μm, accounting for 14.6% and 20.3% of the total concentrations, respectively.Organic matter(OM), EC, and many water-soluble ions were markedly higher at the rush hours in the morning than those at night, implicating comprehensive effects of vehicle types and traffic volume. The particle number concentrations exhibited two peaks at Aitken mode(25 nm and 100 nm) and accumulation mode(600 nm), while the particle volume concentration displayed high values at the accumulation mode(100–500 nm) and coarse mode(2.5–4.0 μm). The peak around 100 nm was detected in the morning rush hours, but it diminished with the decrease of the traffic volume. Individual-particle analysis revealed that main particles in the tunnel were Fe-rich particles, K-rich particles, mineral particles,Ca–S rich particles and Al–Si particles. The particles collected at the rush hours displayed marked different morphologies, element concentrations and particle sizes compared to the ones collected at the non-rush period. The data presented herein could shed a light on the feature of vehicle emissions. 相似文献
807.
大气扩散模型是进行恶臭污染管理的有效工具,它可以评估恶臭污染的影响范围和影响程度.然而,由于恶臭污染的特殊性,通常使用的大气扩散模型模拟结果是小时均值浓度,不能满足恶臭污染评估对瞬时最大值的需求,所以,需要引入峰/均值因子,将扩散模型计算结果从均值浓度(如1 h均值)转换到短时间峰值浓度(如1 s峰值).通过研究国内外峰/均值因子相关文献,以及国内外恶臭标准、评估技术中峰/均值因子的相关规定,对峰/均值因子的研究理论、影响因素和计算方法进行系统地分析、总结和评述.现阶段的研究表明,峰/均值因子受大气稳定度、距离、地形、污染源类型等多种因素的影响.然而,由于影响峰/均值因子的因素较多,大部分国家和地区只能在其恶臭环境影响评价导则中将峰/均值因子设置为一个或一组固定值,与实际情况不符,因此具有一定的局限性.结合我国的恶臭污染评价现状,建议将峰/均值因子理论引入我国,综合考虑我国的恶臭污染特点、气象特征、地形等,探讨建立适用于我国的不同地区不同污染源类型的峰/均值因子.峰/均值因子的研究可为我国恶臭污染的精准模拟、恶臭防护距离的制订、恶臭暴露-效应关系的研究提供基本理论与技术支持. 相似文献
808.
809.
810.
Xiaochang Wang Pengkang Jin Hongmei Zhao Lingba Meng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(1):57-62
Long-term sampling and analysis were conducted in a domestic wastewater treatment plant for the investigation on the characteristics of the representative contaminants in raw sewage such as SS, COD, BOD5, TP, and TN. All these constituents were classified into dissolved and suspended groups by using a 0.45-μm membrane filter, and the concentration of each constituent in each group was analyzed. As a result, almost 100% of the SS was found to be suspended matter, as well as about 65% of COD, 60% of BOD5, 50% of P, and 20% of N. All these could be easily removed by sedimentation or coagulation/sedimentation. A treatability evaluation diagram was proposed for a rational selection of wastewater treatment process in accordance with raw water quality. 相似文献