天津滨海某化工园区废水预处理去毒技术研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水因污染种类复杂,具有高盐、高毒、难降解等特点,是滨海新区污染物控制的主要威胁。通过对滨海某化工区实际废水进行几种主流预处理技术及其组合工艺的研究,明晰了其在实验条件下各自的特点,验证了其实际处理效果,进一步掌握了其反应过程中的特性,为研究后续的示范工程应用及大规模推广打下基础。实验表明,制药废水经内电解处理后毒性削减率最高可达到46%,对化学合成废水有较好的去毒效果,该技术可有效地提高制药废水的可生化性;光催化氧化对苯胺和氯苯的最佳降解条件分别是15 g/L TiO(23 h)及17.5 g/L TiO2;负载型纳米铁和纳米四氧化三铁催化剂分别适合极酸和中性、偏碱性条件,催化效率高,COD去除效果好。     

固液界面NOM吸附中疏水效应的影响研究

文章以腐殖酸和纳米Fe2O3为对象,着重研究了腐殖酸分子在纳米Fe2O3表面的吸附过程中的疏水效应,借助红外光谱和热重等分析方法研究了腐殖酸吸附前后的疏水性随溶液环境变化的规律。结果表明,当离子强度为0、0.005、0.01和0.05 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高先减小后增大。当pH值从7升高到10时,亲水性降低,疏水性增强;当pH值从10升高到12时,亲水性增强,疏水性降低。当离子强度为0.001 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高而减小,亲水性降低,疏水性增强。当pH值为定值,离子强度变化时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着离子强度的增加不断变化,曲线呈现出波动趋势,亲、疏水性在交替变化。红外光谱分析结果说明,对纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的亲疏水性起主要影响的官能团可能是亲水性的羟基-OH、羰基C=O和疏水性的CH2烷烃。     

铬渣烧结炼铁的应用研究

铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈,是严重污染环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。本文介绍了铬渣烧结连铁的解毒原理和工艺处理过程,从理论和实践两个方面阐述了铬渣烧结炼铁的可行性。研究对比了掺加铬渣前后成品矿的浸出毒性和＂三废＂排放情况,得出了铬渣烧结炼铁的最佳掺加量。结果表明,控制铬渣掺加量在1.5%以内,成品矿的性能指标符合相关标准要求,所排放的污染物能达标排放。从而达到铬渣解毒目的,实现铬渣的资源化和无害化。     

浐河、涝河河水硝酸盐氮污染来源的氮同位素示踪

通过分析河水和工业污染水体硝酸盐氮同位素组成,对西安市周边主要河流浐河和涝河的硝酸盐污染源进行了初步研究.结果发现,浐河、涝河从上游至下游,河水硝酸盐氮同位素组成δ15N-NO3-值呈逐渐升高的趋势(1.3‰～9.0‰和3.3‰～7.4‰),而沿河流域2个工业排污口废水样的δ15N-NO3-值为:11.5‰和11.1‰.不同来源的硝酸盐氮同位素表现出明显的差别,工业排污可能是该河流硝酸盐氮浓度增高主要原因之一.相对于河水硝酸盐浓度变化,河水中硝酸盐氮同位素能够作为示踪水系硝酸盐氮污染来源和过程的可靠手段.同时,本研究大致区分了浐河和涝河流域主要的氮源输入,为研究硝酸盐污染,营养元素流失提供了重要的信息.     

Classification of contaminants and treatability evaluation of domestic wastewater

Long-term sampling and analysis were conducted in a domestic wastewater treatment plant for the investigation on the characteristics of the representative contaminants in raw sewage such as SS, COD, BOD₅, TP, and TN. All these constituents were classified into dissolved and suspended groups by using a 0.45-μm membrane filter, and the concentration of each constituent in each group was analyzed. As a result, almost 100% of the SS was found to be suspended matter, as well as about 65% of COD, 60% of BOD₅, 50% of P, and 20% of N. All these could be easily removed by sedimentation or coagulation/sedimentation. A treatability evaluation diagram was proposed for a rational selection of wastewater treatment process in accordance with raw water quality. Translated from Water & Astewater Engineering, 2004, 30(9): 38–41 [译自: 给水排水]     

低温供热堆选址阶段的环境影响评价与分析

根据低温供热堆选址阶段环境影响评价的要求,结合工程具体设计方案,对低温供热堆在正常运行和事故工况下可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测与评价,以作为审管当局决策的重要依据.低温供热堆在正常运行状态时,放射性气载流出物在大气中迁移和扩散及对公众的辐射剂量估算采用的是IAEA安全系列19号报告中给出的筛选模式(稀释模式);事故...     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

产品碳足迹评价简化方法与技术探讨

随着全球变暖成为社会关注的热点,碳足迹成为一个新的研究方法并迅速得到学术界的认可。国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法评价周期长且成本高。采用科学的方法对现有碳足迹评价模式进行简化,建立适合中国国情、符合中国企业生产力发展水平、经济高效的碳足迹评价制度,不仅有助于满足国内各行业对于碳足迹评价的需求,同时也可以为国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法提供可探讨的简化方式。本文在分析现有产品碳足迹评价方法不足的基础上,提出了碳足迹评价方法简化的目标、原则和途径。     

SNCR在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用与控制

大连垃圾焚烧发电项目采用SNCR控制的技术方案,实现了垃圾焚烧发电系统的脱硝。文章从脱硝系统的选择和控制方案进行了论述,阐述了采用氨水作为还原剂的SNCR系统在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用效果与经济成本。     

Enhanced mixing state of black carbon with nitrate in single particles during haze periods in Zhengzhou, China

Black carbon（BC） plays an important role in air quality and climate change, which is closely associated with its mixing state and chemical compositions. In this work the mixing state of BC-containing single particles was investigated to explore the evolution process of ambient BC particles using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer（SPAMS） in March 2018 in Zhengzhou, China. The BC-containing particles accounted for 61.4% of total detected ambient single particles and were classified into f...