Classification of contaminants and treatability evaluation of domestic wastewater

Long-term sampling and analysis were conducted in a domestic wastewater treatment plant for the investigation on the characteristics of the representative contaminants in raw sewage such as SS, COD, BOD₅, TP, and TN. All these constituents were classified into dissolved and suspended groups by using a 0.45-μm membrane filter, and the concentration of each constituent in each group was analyzed. As a result, almost 100% of the SS was found to be suspended matter, as well as about 65% of COD, 60% of BOD₅, 50% of P, and 20% of N. All these could be easily removed by sedimentation or coagulation/sedimentation. A treatability evaluation diagram was proposed for a rational selection of wastewater treatment process in accordance with raw water quality. Translated from Water & Astewater Engineering, 2004, 30(9): 38–41 [译自: 给水排水]     

低温供热堆选址阶段的环境影响评价与分析

根据低温供热堆选址阶段环境影响评价的要求,结合工程具体设计方案,对低温供热堆在正常运行和事故工况下可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测与评价,以作为审管当局决策的重要依据.低温供热堆在正常运行状态时,放射性气载流出物在大气中迁移和扩散及对公众的辐射剂量估算采用的是IAEA安全系列19号报告中给出的筛选模式(稀释模式);事故...     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

产品碳足迹评价简化方法与技术探讨

随着全球变暖成为社会关注的热点,碳足迹成为一个新的研究方法并迅速得到学术界的认可。国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法评价周期长且成本高。采用科学的方法对现有碳足迹评价模式进行简化,建立适合中国国情、符合中国企业生产力发展水平、经济高效的碳足迹评价制度,不仅有助于满足国内各行业对于碳足迹评价的需求,同时也可以为国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法提供可探讨的简化方式。本文在分析现有产品碳足迹评价方法不足的基础上,提出了碳足迹评价方法简化的目标、原则和途径。     

SNCR在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用与控制

大连垃圾焚烧发电项目采用SNCR控制的技术方案,实现了垃圾焚烧发电系统的脱硝。文章从脱硝系统的选择和控制方案进行了论述,阐述了采用氨水作为还原剂的SNCR系统在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用效果与经济成本。     

吸烟与职业性毒物的联合作用

综述了近年吸烟与职业性毒物对作业工人健康影响的有关资料,提出吸烟与金属和类金属、刺激性气体及其他毒物有协同作用,并与职业性癌症有关,提倡戒烟非常必要.     

外源菌剂联合柠檬酸强化龙葵修复土壤镉污染

设置对照（CK）、摩西球囊霉菌（GM）、摩西球囊霉菌+柠檬酸（GM+CA）、摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌（GM+BM）和摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌+柠檬酸（GM+BM+CA）这5个处理,通过测定土壤全Cd、有效Cd和植株Cd吸收量及微生物群落变化,分析了外源菌剂和柠檬酸添加对龙葵修复Cd污染效果的影响.结果表明,相对于CK处理,GM处理龙葵根、茎和叶生物量显著增加35.67%、41.35%和65.38%,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵根和茎生物量显著增加73.38%和75.38%.GM处理提高了龙葵各部位Cd含量但差异不显著,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部的Cd含量显著提高79.34%.GM处理龙葵茎和叶Cd累积量显著提高47.51%和89.58%.GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部Cd累积量显著提高226.84%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了Cd由龙葵茎向叶的转运系数,增幅为52.47%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了叶的富集系数,增幅为120.53%.此外,联合修复对根际微生物群落结构也产生了影响,特别体现在诱导某些关键微生物类群,如变形菌门、放线菌门、球囊菌门和油壶菌门相对丰度增加2.00%~5.77%、0.76%~9.96%、2.11%~3.63%和0.54%~2.98%.RDA分析发现变形菌门和放线菌门与土壤全Cd呈显著负相关,球囊菌门和油壶菌门与土壤全Cd呈负相关.关键微生物的变化增强了龙葵吸收根际养分和抗Cd胁迫的能力,提高龙葵Cd累积能力,有效降低土壤全Cd含量.综上,摩西球囊霉菌、柠檬酸与巨大芽孢杆菌通过共接种的方式活化了土壤中的难溶态Cd,有助于龙葵富集更多的Cd,同时也与摩西球囊霉菌产生联合修复的效果.富集植物-微生物联合修复Cd污染土壤有较好的应用潜力.     

Study on the response of wheat to lead, cadmium and zinc

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石油炼化行业恶臭气体成分谱研究

为研究石油炼化行业恶臭污染排放现状,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术研究了天津一家典型石油炼化企业不同处理单元空气中臭气的组成、主要组分含量及成分谱.在所采集的样品中,定性分析共检测到140种有机化合物,主要包括硫化物、烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃、苯系物和含氧有机物六大类物质.定量检测结果表明,主要处理单元恶臭污染物浓度总体水平由高至低表现为气分处理装置>污油罐处理装置>汽柴油处理装置.结合数据分析,初步识别了石油炼化厂主要处理单元的特征污染物,气分处理装置有丙酮、2-丁烯、丁烷、乙硫醇、甲硫醚和甲硫醇,汽柴油处理装置有丙酮、丙烯、异丁烷、正戊烷和对二乙苯,污油罐处理装置有1-丁烯、2-丁烯、1-戊烯、丙酮、丙烯和乙硫醇.      

地震动特征的统计分析

统计了国内外287次5级以上的实际地震记录,研究了地震动峰值不对称比、持时、地震荷载类型的统计特征和规律。结果表明：地震动峰值具有明显的不对称性,可以用峰值不对称比描述,统计结果具有规律性,其平均值总体上随震级加大而略有降低,从5级到8级地震其范围变化为1.4～1.2;地震动持时随震级增大而增大,近似于线性增长,震级从...