纳米银的体内毒性及毒作用机制研究进展

很多研究表明纳米银对机体的消化系统、呼吸系统、生殖系统等多个系统均会产生毒作用,且其毒作用受到多种因素的影响。目前关于纳米银的毒作用机制尚未明确,研究发现纳米银的毒作用机制可能与银离子释放、活性氧自由基产生、氧化应激的发生、炎症反应等有关,最新研究指出纳米银的毒性作用还可能与内质网应激和自噬有关,本文将就纳米银的体内毒性及毒作用机制进行了综述。     

不同生态系统管理情景下资源环境承载力动态仿真研究

环境问题与社会经济发展关系机理错综复杂,研究环境承载力状态对实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义.基于资源环境复合系统原理,构建"经济-资源-环境"系统动力学模型,通过生态系统评估的4种情景时间序列动态仿真,探索经济社会发展的优化方案.结果表明：全球协同和技术家园更适合福州市自身发展需求,为保持福州市经济发展的可持续性,应优先选用全球协同发展模式,后期可逐步向技术家园发展模式转变.福州市作为生态文明思想重要实践地,在提高经济发展水平的同时,需更好地保护生态环境,实现经济-资源-环境协同发展.研究结果在一定程度上可为经济社会发展模式提供科学依据.     

Fate and risk assessment of emerging contaminants in reclaimed water production processes

• PPCPs had the highest removal efficiency in A²O combined with MBR process (86.8%). • ARGs and OPFRs were challenging to remove (6.50% and 31.0%, respectively). • Octocrylene and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate posed high risks to aquatic organisms. • Meta-analysis was used to compare the ECs removal in wastewater treatment. • Membrane treatment technology is the most promising treatment for ECs removal. Reclaimed water has been widely applied in irrigation and industrial production. Revealing the behavior of emerging contaminants in the production process of reclaimed water is the first prerequisite for developing relevant water quality standards. This study investigated 43 emerging contaminants, including 22 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), and 10 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 3 reclaimed wastewater treatment plants (RWTPs) in Beijing. The composition profiles and removal efficiencies of these contaminants in RWTPs were determined. The results indicated that the distribution characteristics of the different types of contaminants in the three RWTPs were similar. Caffeine, sul2 and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate were the dominant substances in the wastewater, and their highest concentrations were 27104 ng/L, 1.4 × 10⁷ copies/mL and 262 ng/L, respectively. Ofloxacin and sul2 were observed to be the dominant substances in the sludge, and their highest concentrations were 5419 ng/g and 3.7 × 10⁸ copies/g, respectively. Anaerobic/anoxic/oxic system combined with the membrane bioreactor process achieved a relatively high aqueous removal of PPCPs (87%). ARGs and OPFRs were challenging to remove, with average removal rates of 6.5% and 31%, respectively. Quantitative meta-analysis indicated that tertiary treatment processes performed better in emerging contaminant removal than secondary processes. Diethyltoluamide exhibited the highest mass load discharge, with 33.5 mg/d per 1000 inhabitants. Octocrylene and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate posed high risks (risk quotient>1.0) to aquatic organisms. This study provides essential evidence to screen high priority pollutants and develop corresponding standard in RWTPs.     

Methyl siloxanes in soils from a large silicone-manufacturing site,China: concentrations,distributions and potential human exposure

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Methyl siloxanes are widely found in the environment, but little is known about the distributions of these chemicals in soils especially in areas where they...     

吸烟与职业性毒物的联合作用

综述了近年吸烟与职业性毒物对作业工人健康影响的有关资料,提出吸烟与金属和类金属、刺激性气体及其他毒物有协同作用,并与职业性癌症有关,提倡戒烟非常必要.     

城市黑臭水体整治前后上覆水和孔隙水的生物毒性对比和评价

以常州市典型城市黑臭水体神童浜为对象,采用小球藻和大型溞作为急性毒性测试手段,对整治前、后神童浜4个点位的上覆水和孔隙水的毒性效应进行了对比和评价。结果表明,整治后神童浜上覆水水质明显改善;上覆水在整治前、后对小球藻生长均无抑制作用,反而呈促进作用;对黑臭水体的整治降低了上覆水和孔隙水的生物毒性,但整治后的上覆水仍存在富营养化问题,且孔隙水对水生生物仍具有一定的毒性风险。提出,利用生物毒性测试能反映出黑臭水体整治前、后的毒性变化,可应用于对黑臭水体整治效果的评价。     

Evaluating the hydrodynamics of a round jet in a vegetated crossflow through large eddy simulation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Vegetation plays an important role on the turbulence structures of the effluent spreading in an open channel, which are insufficiently studied. This paper employs a...     

甘蔗叶活性炭的制备

以H3PO4为活化剂制备甘蔗叶活性炭,采用正交实验对活性炭的制备工艺进行了优化,并研究了活性炭对含铬废水的吸附和再生性能.实验结果表明:在H3PO4体积分数为15％、H2SO4体积分数为6％、HC1体积分数为3％、活化温度为723 K、活化时间为0.58 h的工艺条件下,活性炭得率为35.07％,碘吸附值为1 207 mg/g.活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大平衡吸附量为30.89 mg/g,HNO3再生后对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大平衡吸附量为39.48 mg/g;再生效率最高达87.41％,经3次再生,活性炭的再生效率仍能维持在80％以上.     

粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水

采用粉煤灰吸附—石灰沉淀处理高浓度含氟废水.正交实验得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度10℃,石灰加入量3.0 g/mL,反应时间60 min,废水pH 6.88.在此最佳工艺条件下处理F质量浓度为150 mg/L的含氟废水,Fˉ去除率为97.53％.Mn2+,Fe3+,Mg2+,A13+,Zn2+单独存在时,随5种阳离子质量浓度增大,Fˉ去除率略有增加;当5种阳离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于500 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率下降.PO43-,SO42-,CO32-,NO3-单独存在时对Fˉ去除率影响不大;当4种阴离子共同存在且质量浓度均大于800 mg/L时,Fˉ去除率低于对照实验.     

H2O2协同TiO2光催化处理模拟苯胺废水

采用TiO2光催化处理模拟苯胺废水.实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:初始苯胺质量浓度10 mg/L,纳米TiO2加入量100 mg/L,光催化反应时间60 min,废水pH 7.5.加入20 mg/L的H2O2协同TiO2光催化处理苯胺废水,光催化反应24 min后,苯胺去除率达99％.H2O2协同TiO2光催化降解苯胺过程符合二级动力学方程.