Transformation of erythromycin during secondary effluent soil aquifer recharging: Removal contribution and degradation path

Erythromycin (ERY), a widely used antibiotic, has recently been detected in municipal secondary effluents and poses serious threats to human health during wastewater reusing. In this study, the removal, fate, and degradation pathway of ERY in secondary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was evaluated via laboratory-scale SAT tests. Up to a 92.9% reduction of ERY in synthetic secondary effluent was observed in 1.0 m depth column system, which decreased to 64.7% when recharged with wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent. XRD-fractionation results demonstrated that the transphilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions in secondary effluent compete for the adsorption sites of the packed soil and lead to a declined ERY removal. Moreover, aerobic biodegradation was the predominant role for ERY removal, contributing more than 60% reduction of ERY when recharged with synthetic secondary effluent. Destruction of 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring and breakdown of two cyclic sugars (l-cladinose and d-desosamine) were main removal pathways for ERY degradation, and produced six new intermediates.     

Methyl Orange removal by a novel PEI-AuNPs-hemin nanocomposite

A novel poly(ethyleneimine)/Au nanoparticles/hemin nanocomposite(PEI-AuNPs-Hemin)acting for Methyl Orange(MO) removal has been synthesized. PEI-AuNPs was prepared firstly and it was then linked to hemin through the coupling between carboxyl groups in hemin and amino groups in PEI without the activation of carboxyl groups. The high reactivity and stability of AuNPs contributed greatly in the formation of the amido bonds in the nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin.Results show that PEI-AuNPs-Hemin has strong adsorption for MO. Adsorption and degradation experiments were carried out at different p Hs, nanocomposite concentrations and UV irradiation times. Removal of MO in acidic solutions was more effective than in basic solutions. The real-time study showed that the MO degradation with the nanocomposite under UV irradiation was a fast process. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed. The study suggests that the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin may have promising applications in environmental monitoring and protection.     

太湖流域水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

水生生物水质基准是水质基准体系的重要组成部分。由于不同地区的生态体系存在差异,所需要推导的水质基准也存在不同。目前太湖流域的水质基准研究刚刚起步,国内外制订的水质标准并不能代表太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征。因此,开展基于太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征的水质基准研究,对于太湖流域的水环境保护和水质管理具有重要的作用和意义。在水生生物水质基准的物种选择方面,选择了两种鱼类、两种浮游动物、3种底栖动物以及一种水生植物或浮游藻类,可以全面的代表太湖流域的水生态结构和营养等级。     

可持续环境与发展规划的途径及其有效性

当人们对一些经典概念和模式，如经济最优化模式、生态最适模式、最低安全标准、承载力概念等提出疑问之后，环境与发展规划的方法论也随之面临着严峻的挑战。本文指出：①以经济最优化和生态最适模式指导规划都是非常局限和困难的，规划决不是一个环境和经济决定论的过程，而是一个可辩护的过程；②环境可能会对发展产生所谓的“顶极的”“绝对的”制约，对此，规划必须服从。但是，这种“顶极的”和“绝对的”界线是很难确切定义的，也往往是难以操作的，因而其在环境与发展规划中的意义是相当有限的。必须寻找一些新的有效的战略使规划过程具有可辩护性和可操作性。如何寻求和设计这种辩护战略是可持续发展规划方法论的一个重要领域。生态安全格局途径正是在这一方向上所做的努力。     

Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｒｇｉｎａｌｌａｎｄｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｃｏｔｏｎｅ,ｍｅａｎｓｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｚｏｎｅｏｆｔｗｏｏｒｍｏｒｅｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ(Ｗｕ,1998).Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓａｍｏｎｇｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅｃａｎｃａｕｓｅｇｒｅａｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ(ｓｕｃｈａｓｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅ,ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｅｎｓｉ…     

张士灌区镉污染及其改良途径

张士灌区是国内镉严重污染区。本文全面论述了1981—1983年以来所采取综合防治的效果:①减少灌溉水中Cd浓度,提高pH,改污灌为清灌;②增施石灰、钙镁磷肥等各种改良剂;③农业工程方法、客土、去土;④生物改良方法、种植其他作物,或将污染稻谷作为良种繁育。几年来密切联系生产实际,在污染现场作试验。试验所得结果适合于灌区实际应用。     

基于近红外光谱法的废水COD、BOD5、pH的快速测量

收集了城市生活污水处理厂和养殖废水200个样品,以4cm-1的分辨率,分别用2mm和10mm样品池,用透射法采集800～2500 nm谱区的光谱数据,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)回归建立了废水的生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)和pH的预测模型.该模型的BOD5、COD和pH的预测值与参考值的校正相关系数分别为0.763、0.975、0.966,校正标准误差分别为27.7 mg·L-1、19.9 mg·L-1、0.165,预测相关系数分别为0.6939、0.945、0.927,预测标准误差分别为37.9 mg·L-1、29.4 mg·L-1、0.208.实验结果表明,近红外光谱技术可成为特定废水多指标快速检测的新手段.     

以TiCl4—改性硅胶为催化剂的单糖或糖甲基苷的异丙叉化反应

以原甲酸三乙酯为试剂，丙酮为溶剂，在以化学改性硅胶为载体的四氯化钛的催化下，甘露糖及甘露，葡萄，半乳－糖的β甲基苷能方便地、高产率地异丙叉化。     

石杉碱戊和石杉碱己的结构

在石杉［Ｈｕｐｅｒｚｉａｓｅｒｒａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｔｒｅｖ．］中分得了命名为石杉碱成素和已素的２个新生物碱，并用２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ和ＭＳ测定了它们的化学结构．