安全工程的大实践──铁路行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控

叙述了广州铁路集团公司行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控的基本做法和主要经验，提出了发展和完善“双联控”，使之成为铁路运输管理的一项基本制度和管理模式需要解决的问题。     

Biochemical responses of the mycorrhizae in Pinus massoniana to combined effects of Al, Ca and low pH

Biochemical responses of Pinus massoniana, with and without the inoculation mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius at the root, to artificial acid rain (pH 2.0) and various Ca/Al ratios were investigated. Some enzymes associated with the nutritive metabolism, such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nitrate reductase, mannitol dehydrogenase and trehalase, in the roots, stems and leaves of plant were obviously inhibited by the artificial acid rain and Al. After treatment with pH 2.0 + Ca/Al (0/1 or 1/10) artificial acid rain, the protein content in the organs was decreased. However, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were induced. It demonstrated that acid rain and Al could induce oxygen radicals in plant. Compared with the treatments with lower pH or Al, respectively, the combination of lower pH and Al concentration was more toxic to P. massoniana. Al toxicity could be ameliorated by the addition of Ca and the amelioration was the most when the ratio was 1/1 among the various Ca/Al ratio. Infection with mycorrhizal fungus P. tinctorius at the root of P. massoniana increased the ability of the plant to resist the toxicity of artificial acid rain and Al stress.     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。     

氢氧化钙除河道水中磷的试验研究

用氢氧化钙去除河道水的总磷。结果表明：在先1分钟300r／min快速搅拌,后5分钟40r／min搅拌的条件下,直接投加1250mg·L^-1。氢氧化钙时,出水总磷为0．046mg·L^-1,可达到《景观娱乐用水标准》（GB12941—91）中C类标准（11P≤0．05mg·L^-1）和《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中II类标准（TP≤0．1mg·L^-1）;在同样的反应条件下,预先调节水样pH至10,投加量达到3250mg·L^-1时,出水总磷达0．068mg·L^-1。该药剂对COD和浊度均有良好的去除效果,但对氨氮的去除效果不明显。     

简析离子色谱在饮用水监测工作中的应用

随着社会的发展和人民物质生活水平的提高,人们更加注意身体健康,因而饮水安全也倍受关注。本文就离子色谱在环境监测中的应用和锦州市饮用水监测数据图表,集中阐述了环境监测工作对人们饮水安全保障所作的努力。     

“十一五”河南省城市环境空气污染特征及原因分析

文章通过对平均综合污染指数,城市空气质量级别的变化对比分析,认为"十一五"期间河南省城市环境空气质量整体呈现改善的变化趋势。基于监测数据,从河南省城市主要污染物、污染特性空间分布、季节性污染特性等方面对环境空气污染特征进行了深入分析,并从污染负荷、气候影响、产业地域布局、产业结构调整、环境管理和污染防治措施等方面深入探讨了产生这种变化趋势和污染特征的内在原因。     

离心气浮技术及在含油污水处理中的应用

针对含油污水处理将朝着低污染、低成本、易操作、结构紧凑、高效处理方向发展的要求,围绕离心气浮处理技术进行综述。将迄今各种含油污水离心气浮处理技术分为:基于充气水力旋流器的气浮旋流组合、气浮与常规水力旋流器单体组合、气浮与低强度旋流离心力场组合三大类,并对其特点进行了详细分析。国外采油污水处理的最新进展表明,紧凑型旋流气浮组合技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle （Anadara granosa） and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80 0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6 to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.     

光污染防治立法的研究及探讨

目前,光污染这种新型的环境污染,已成为一个必需正视的环境问题。为了更为有效地防治光污染,保护公众的环境权益,中国急需建立光污染防治法律体系。采用符合本国国情的立法模式,建立完善的监管体系,制定具体明确的光污染防治标准等将是中国光污染防治法律体系建立的核心内容。本文阐述了光污染的概况,介绍了国内外光污染防治立法现状,前瞻性地提出以经济和生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采取预防性原则从环保和法律的角度出发,建立符合中国国情的光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染的建议。