Examining strategic sustainability plans and smart-growth land-use measures in California cities

Given many potential obstacles, what types of strategic plans and measures for climate protection and/or energy sustainability are more likely than others to be adopted by cities? What are the key internal and external obstacles to adopting and implementing these plans and measures? Based on data obtained from a survey conducted from 2010 to 2011 and other sources, this paper develops a framework derived from political contracting theory and strategic orientation literature to examine how public management obstacles, socio-economic factors, and political factors influence a city's likelihood of having strategic energy sustainability plans and measures in place. Moreover, this paper finds that many California cities remain reluctant to require residents and businesses to comply with more challenging sustainability measures, such as smart-growth land-use practices, and that those cities with a strategic energy sustainability plan already in place tend to be more willing to adopt smart-growth land-use measures.     

变电站倒闸操作风险分析与控制

分析了变电站倒闸操作过程的风险及造成操作失误的原因,从运行值班人员的管理、安全工具的使用、关键点控制和事故应急处理等方面,提出倒闸操作风险的控制措施,以防范事故的发生,确保变电站的安全运行。     

钢铁企业节水评价指标体系的构建

针对中国钢铁行业尚未建立节水评价指标体系的现状,在广泛查阅资料的基础上,遵循科学合理性、目标导向性、实用性和可比性的原则,构建了钢铁企业节水评价指标体系。指标体系的建立使钢铁企业的节水成效具有横向和纵向可比性,有利于调动企业的节水积极性,促进节水技术的发展和推广,为钢铁企业开展节水工作指明目标和方向。     

抚顺市大气重金属污染的植物监测与分析研究

采用生物富集原理,利用松针对抚顺地区大气中重金属元素的分布情况进行了监测与分析,结果表明:抚顺地区三种不同的松树对不同金属元素的富集能力是不同的,总体上看沙松的富集能力略高于油松和落叶松;工业区、交通干道和居民区松针中富集的金属含量高于农村地区;从不同的海拔高度上来看,在500米以下的低空大气中金属元素的分布量比高海拔地区高;不同金属元素间存在一定的相关关系。     

Joint effects of Penta-BDE and heavy metals on Daphnia magna survival, its antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation

The joint toxicity of Penta-BDE (Pe-BDE) and heavy metals including cadmium and copper on Daphnia magna (D. magna) was evaluated on the basis of determining the 48 h survival, antioxidative enzyme responses, and lipid peroxidation. The response was classified as additive, greater than additive, or less than additive by comparing the measured “toxic units, TU” with one. Based on the survival of D. magna, less-than-additive interactions were found in most of mixtures treatments. This may be attributed to the different toxicity mechanism between Pe-BDE and metals. Cu and Cd played a greater role in toxicity than what Pe-BDE did. As for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, most response was less than additive. For the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity, most of the greater-thanadditive responses were found in the Cu plus Pe-BDE treatments, but the additive responses occurred in Cd plus Pe-BDE treatments and binary metal treatments. For lipid peroxide levels, which were measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, less-than-additive response occurred in the 50% Cd plus 50% Cu and ternary mixture treatments. Results suggested that Pe-BDE, Cd, and Cu could induce different patterns of antioxidant enzyme responses, such as antioxidant/prooxidant responses, depending on their capability to produce reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes to detoxify them.     

环境-经济系统双向控制模型的辨识

运用系统模型的辨识方法,讨论了环境-经济系统双向控制模型的辨识问题,重点探讨了这类模型体系中的最优控制模型,其途径是采用大系统建模思想.即在对大系统结构分析基础上,通过分解把整体建模转化为易于处理的子系统建模,再通过建立关联模型,得到整体模型,并进一步简化和进行参数辨识.     

巴氏醋酸杆菌发酵处理甲醇废水合成细菌纤维素的研究

介绍了巴氏醋酸杆菌以甲醇为唯一碳源、以酵母膏或蛋白胨为氮源合成细菌纤维素,同时净化甲醇废水的方法,并对合成细菌纤维素的培养条件进行了研究。试验得出巴氏醋酸杆菌的适宜发酵条件为：发酵培养基中甲醇质量分数为3．5％左右,发酵培养基初始pH为5．0～6．0。接种量为5％,发酵培养温度为30℃,振荡器转速为100r／min。     

氯氟烃替代物大气化学研究

大气平流层臭氧（大气臭氧层）由于能够吸收太阳辐射中的高能量紫外线,对人类和生物起着非常重要的保护作用,氯氟烃类化合物（ＣＦＣｓ）已被认为是造成大气平流层臭氧耗损的主要原因,淘汰ＣＦＣｓ和使用替代物日趋紧迫,目前,最有应用前景的替代物是含氢氧氟烃类化合物（ＨＣＦＣｓ）和氢氟烃类化合物（ＨＦＣｓ）,其中有些已投入工业使用,本文总结 了ＨＣＦＣｓ和ＨＦＣｓ在气中的光化学降解机制及其产物,以及产物对环境的