Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns

• Municipal solid waste (MSW) was fermented, screened, gasified, then co-processed. • Co-processing MSW in cement kilns could cause excessive pollutant emissions. • Bypass flue gas can be disposed of through the main flue system. • Popular MSW co-processing methods do not affect cement quality. Cement kiln co-processing techniques have been developed in the past 20 years in China, and more than 60 factories now use fermentation, screening, and gasification pre-treatment techniques to co-process municipal solid waste (MSW). There three complete MSW pre-treatment techniques, co-processing procedures, and environmental risk assessments have been described in few publications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of each technique. The results suggested that the pollutant content released by each pre-treatment technology was lower than the emission standard. To reveal the mechanisms of pollutant migration and enrichment, the substances in the kiln and kiln products are investigated. The input of co-processing materials (Co-M) produced by fermentation caused formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in the bypass flue gas (By-gas) in excess of the regulatory standard. The Co-M input produced by the screening and gasifier technologies caused the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration to exceed the standard. In addition, the NO_x, TOC, and PCDD/Fs in the By-gas exceeded the regulatory standard. Raw meal was the primary chlorine and heavy metals input stream, and clinker (CK) and cement kiln dust (CKD) accounted for>90% of the total chlorine output stream. Flue gas and CKD were the primary volatile heavy metal (Hg) output streams. Greater than 70% of the semi-volatile heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Tl and Se) distributed in hot raw meal and bypass cement kiln dust. The low-volatility heavy metals were concentrated in the CK. These results indicated that co-processing techniques used in China still require improvement.     

Fabrication of novel bio-adsorbent and its application for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As eco-friendly adsorption material, hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH, HA) has been extensively applied to the removal of heavy metal ions. However,...     

Testing the efficacy of camera-trap sampling designs for monitoring giant pandas in a heterogeneous landscape

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of camera traps is prevalent in the ecological study of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The reliability of camera-trap surveying...     

What are the disease burden and its sensitivity analysis of workers exposing to Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol during warm and cold periods in a wastewater treatment plant?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants releases high amounts of pathogenic bioaerosols. Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a...     

Fractionation analysis and risk assessment of potential toxic elements in reservoir sediments in central China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the environment is a persistent issue and draws public attention constantly. However, there is no...     

生化需氧量(BOD_5)测定接种菌剂的研究

利用从市政污水中筛选的3株菌株制备成BOD5接种冻干粉剂,用于BOD5接种。实验确定了冻干粉接种菌剂最佳制备条件。以葡萄糖和谷氨酸配制的标准溶液(GGA)和实际废水为实验对象,完成了制得菌剂与传统接种液(土壤浸出液)及国外商业菌种Polyseed的性能对照。用接种菌剂接种测定GGA的测定结果均在180~230 mg/L,满足标准要求,接种菌剂、土壤浸出液和Polyseed的标准偏差分别为3.60、8.34、2.87 mg/L,测定实际废水的标准偏差分别为8.5、33.26、.0 mg/L。     

表面活性剂异位淋洗法修复石油污染土壤

综述了表面活性剂在石油污染土壤修复中的应用情况,介绍了表面活性剂的卷缩和增溶作用机理,分析了在异位淋洗修复中的表面活性剂浓度、复配等影响因素,并对表面活性剂在石油污染土壤修复领域的研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

三相生物流化床处理含油废水的试验研究

我国油田含油废水利用传统的隔油、混凝、过滤（老三套）处理工艺,出水指标达不到国家的二级排放标准。为提高含油废水处理水平,在“老三套”基础上添加了生物处理部分,即三相生物流化床。为强化生物处理,采取了投加漂浮填料和悬浮填料的强化处理措施,出水能达到国家二级排放标准。     

有机污染物土地生物处理过程动态规律模拟研究

应用土壤颗粒内部有机污染物屏蔽理论,说明土地生物处理过程中残余有机污染物在土壤中的滞留现象,提出描述有机污染物在土壤及相连的水环境中生物降解过程的数学模型.其中,污染物的扩散过程用Fick第二扩散定律表示,可逆的吸附和解吸过程用线性吸附等温线表示,不可逆的土壤颗粒内部屏蔽过程用假一级反应动力学方程表示,生物降解过程用Monod动力学方程表示.模型计算结果与实验结果基本拟合,表示模型基本可靠.利用该数学模型,可以定量预测有机污染物进行土地生物处理所需的时间、处理的程度及动态规律.     

Eco-environmental water demands for the Baiyangdian Wetland

In recent years, the hydrological characters of Baiyangdian Wetland have changed greatly, which, in turn, influence the biotic component, the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem. In order to determine the demands for water resources of ecological wetland system, a method of ecological water level coefficient was suggested to calculate the water resources demands for wetland environment use. This research showed that the minimum coefficient is 0.94 and the optimal coefficient is more than 1.10. According to these two coefficients, the ecological water level and water quantity can be estimated. The results indicate that the amount of the minimal and optimal eco-environmental water requirements are 0.87 × 10⁸ and 2.78 × 10⁸ m³ in average monthly, respectively, with the maximum eco-environmental water requirement in summer and the minimum in winter. The annual change of eco-environment water demand is in according with the climate change and hydrological characters. The method of ecological water level emphasizes that wetland ecosystem adapts to the hydrological conditions, so it can be used in practice well.