钢板组合PEC柱-削弱截面钢梁组合框架抗震试验研究

为深入研究PEC柱-钢梁组合框架结构体系的抗震性能,设计了1榀两层单跨钢板组合截面PEC柱-削弱截面钢梁组合框架1∶2缩尺试件,并对其进行了低周往复荷载抗震试验。根据实测数据整理,得到了试验滞回特征曲线,并结合试验过程现象记录,分析了试件滞回特性、抗侧刚度退化规律、节点连接性能、耗能与延性和试件破坏模式等力学性能。研究结果表明:试件结构具有较高的承载力和较大的抗侧刚度;采取梁端截面削弱方式可实现梁端塑性铰位置远离节点区,且端板对穿螺栓连接能有效将梁端受拉翼缘拉力转化为对应边对节点区的压力,使得节点区形成了混凝土斜压带传力模式,提高了节点区抗震性能;试件滞回曲线较为饱满,在梁翼缘与端板连接焊缝存在施工缺陷情况下,其整体侧移、延性系数和等效黏滞阻尼比分别达到3.50%(推)/4.50%(拉)、2.92(推)/3.21(拉)和0.306,且承载力仍未下降至其极限承载力的85%,即试件结构具有良好的变形、抗震延性与耗能能力;该试件在循环往复荷载下呈现的破坏模式为梁削弱截面部位和PEC柱脚相继形成塑性铰的塑性机构。     

Personal exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals associated with cardiopulmonary function in general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with personal exposed PM2.5-bound heavy meals, we conducted a cross-sectional study in...     

表面活性剂在甲烷氧化菌降解煤体甲烷中的适用性研究

甲烷氧化菌液在进入煤储层后会产生较高的毛管压力,且随着甲烷氧化菌降解煤层瓦斯的进行,毛管压力逐渐增大,容易引起水锁伤害。采取向甲烷氧化菌菌液加入复配表面活性剂以期减缓菌液造成的水锁伤害,通过测试所选表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）与椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺（CDEA）对菌液表面张力的降低程度来了解表面活性剂与菌液的配伍比例,并对含复配表面活性剂的甲烷氧化菌对煤层甲烷的降解进行研究。研究结果表明:表面活性剂与菌液最佳配伍比例为SDBS∶CDEA为1∶4,最佳配伍浓度为0.5％,且表面活性剂在菌液中稳定性较好;菌液中添加复配表活剂20 mL,在混合气体压力为2 MPa、氧浓度为 1％、温度为 30 ℃时,添加复配表面活剂菌液的甲烷最终降解率为51.65％,比未添加复配表面活剂菌液高出11％左右。因此,向甲烷氧化菌菌液中添加复配表面活性剂具有很好的适用性。     

A Reliability and Risk Analysis System for Multipurpose Reservoir Operation

This paper proposes a reliability analysis system, which can be widely applied to the cases in which a reservoir is operated to meet several purposes such as flood control, energy generation, irrigation, domestic and industrial water supply, etc. The presented system has a structure of three levels.1. Decision-making.2. Tradeoff analysis.3. The third level that mainly consists of three subsystems:i – The reservoir flood risk analysis subsystem by flood control simulation.ii – The benefit promotion subsystem of reservoir operation using Stochastic Dynamic Programming. In this subsystem, the Lagrange multipliers are introduced into the objective function to take into account the water supply failures. This method guarantees that each run of the SDP will necessarily derive a non-inferior policy for reservoir operation.iii – The reservoir operation simulation subsystem to derive the performance indices associated with the reservoir operation policies. With the input and feedback between the second level and the subsystems of the third level, a great deal of efficient operation policies and the associated performance indices can be obtained. Then the tradeoff relationships between different performance indices can be derived for the decision makers. With application to Yudong Reservoir in Yunnan province of China, the presented analysis system is practically tested.     

湖泊水环境保护功能区划分

在浓度场基础上，利用总磷、总氮和ＣＯＤ三项指标的综合指数法，结合管理部门提供的资料，划分了滇不不环境保护功能区，给出了划分指标值及功能区划分图。     

Scenarios of major terrestrial ecosystems in China

The spatial pattern and mean-center shift of major terrestrial ecosystems, termed Holdridge Life Zones (HLZ), during the periods from 1961 to 1990 (T1), from 2010 to 2039 (T2), from 2040 to 2069 (T3) and from 2070 to 2099 (T4) were analyzed by combining the zonal patterns of climatic change in China and the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3. The results showed that nival area would decrease rapidly with temperature increase in the future. HadCM2 and HadCM3 predicted that the nival areas might disappear in 552 years and 204 years, respectively. Using both HadCM2 and HadCM3, the five HLZ types with the largest areal extent are nival zone, cool temperate moist forest, warm temperate moist forest, subtropical moist forest and boreal wet forest, which collectively account for more than 50% of China's land mass. Among these five HLZ types, nival zone, warm temperate moist forest and boreal wet forest would decrease continuously, whereas subtropical moist forest and cool temperate forest would increase continuously during the four periods. HLZ diversity and patch connectivity would increase continuously in the 21st century. The shift distances of mean centers of HLZ types simulated using HadCM3 were markedly greater than those simulated using HadCM2, in general. The results from both HadCM2 and HadCM3 showed that boreal wet forest, subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, warm temperate moist forest and subtropical wet forest had bigger shift ranges, indicating that these HLZ types are more sensitive to the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3.     

一种赤腹松鼠种群数量的估计方法

赤腹松鼠剥食树皮的行为对林木危害严重,根据野外长期的观察和研究发现,赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上遗留下来的上门齿齿印间距具有个体差异,可以用作个体识别的依据.对2003年监测样地内赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上的齿印间距测量记录,并统计分析以估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.结果表明:种群数量与危害率的相关系数为0.876,P=0.01,表现出很强的正相关关系;显示在较小面积内,该方法可以用来估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.同时对该方法的基本条件和局限进行了讨论.图2表4参10     

辽宁中部城市群环境保护治理规则

辽宁中部城市群是由以沈阳为中心，包括沈阳，鞍山、抚顺、本溪、辽阳、铁岭六个市。本文分三部分，辽宁中部城市不境质量现状基本概况，辽宁中部城市九环境保护治理，辽宁中部城市群环境保护政策措施。     

Hg^2＋可增强Zn^2＋对克氏螯虾触角神经动作电位放电的抑制作用

运用电生理学方法，观察Ｈｇ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）联合对克氏螯虾第一触角内侧枝神经动作电位放电的影响．当Ｈｇ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）浓度分别达到０．００００２５ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，这两种离子联合对触角神经的毒性作用潜伏期（ＴＬ）为４６．７５±２２．６９ｍｉｎ（Ｎ＝８），触角神经动作电位放电持续时间（ＤＤ）为１１５．２８±４０．９５ｍｉｎ，表示其放电频率（Ｆｎ／Ｆｌ）与作用时间关系的直线回归方程的ｂ值为－０．０８１８，与渔业水体最高允许Ｚｎ（２＋）含量０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ比较，两者间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．１）．说明Ｈｇ２＋对Ｚｎ（２＋）的毒性具有增强效应．因此，在对有Ｈｇ（２＋）和Ｚｎ（２＋）污染的水体进行评估时，似应考虑到Ｈｇ（２＋）对Ｚｎ（２＋）毒性的增强效应．     

惠州绿化乔木叶片及其叶面降尘对大气SO2污染的生物监测

采用常规采样及碱片挂片法同步监测广东省惠州市大气SO2体积分数,用ICP-AES测定了惠州市不同功能区的2种主要绿化树种大叶榕(Ficus virens Ait var.sublanceolata(Miq.) Corner)、紫荆(Bauhinia blakeana)叶片及其叶面降尘的硫质量分数。结果表明,不同功能区植物叶片和降尘的硫质量分数差异显著,其综合污染指数(PI)以商业交通区、工业区、居住区、清洁区的趋势递减。叶片中硫的质量分数随春、夏、秋季而增长,季节差异显著。植物叶片、降尘中硫质量分数随交通流量的减少而降低。叶片和叶面降尘中硫的质量分数与大气硫酸盐化速率三者显著相关,大叶榕和紫荆与降尘协同生物监测大气SO2的二元数学模型的相关系数分别为R=0.995和R=0.990,明显优于植物与硫酸盐化速率监测SO2的常规一元数学模型。表明大叶榕、紫荆叶片及其叶面降尘均可作为城市区域大气SO2污染的有效指示剂,叶片的长期效益和季节效益显著,降尘则短期效益显著;两者协同监测,可靠性和灵敏度更高,应用前景广阔,可为地方和区域环境监测和评价提供参考。