基于FDS仿真火灾温度下隧道衬砌安全评估

为了研究火灾下隧道衬砌的安全性,首先采用火灾模拟软件FDS4．0模拟不同规模的火灾：通过许多小的长方体堆砌建立隧道的实体模型,并采用FDS4．0中的多重网格技术（Multiple Meshes）进行网格划分;然后结合仿真得到横断面的温度场与相应温度下的材料参数,应用荷载一结构模式（即直刚法）对二次衬砌的安全性进行评估。结果表明：小规模火灾下（〈20MW）,衬砌的安全性能够得到满足,在较大火灾规模下（≥20MW）,拱顶的安全性得不到满足,而其余部位的安全性满足要求;随着火灾规模的增大,衬砌安全系数逐渐降低,拱顶的安全系数降低梯度最大。最后,对衬砌的耐火措施提出了一些建议。     

沉水植被对河流温室气体释放减缓作用研究

为揭示沉水植物生态修复在减缓河流温室气体释放方面的作用,在浙江省嘉善县选择盛家湾（有沉水植物）和东龙港（无沉水植物）2条河流,利用扩散模型法对其水体CO₂、CH₄、N₂O释放通量进行24 h连续监测,并进行对比分析。结果表明：2条河流除盛家湾水体在16:00表现为CO₂吸收外,其余监测时间内3种气体均呈过饱和状态,表现为向大气释放温室气体,24 h内比较,有沉水植物的盛家湾可减少89%的温室气体释放。将气体释放通量与环境因子进行相关性分析发现,盛家湾水体CO₂释放通量与水温、pH、溶解氧浓度呈显著负相关,与氧化还原电位呈显著正相关,N₂O释放通量与水温、pH、溶解氧浓度呈显著正相关,与氧化还原电位呈显著负相关;东龙港水体CO₂释放通量与水温呈显著正相关,CH₄释放通量与水温、溶解氧浓度呈显著正相关,N₂O释放通量与水温呈显著正相关。

     

Uptake and concentration of heavy metals in dominant mangrove species from Hainan Island,South China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - By investigating three dominant mangrove species, namely Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, Ceriops tagal and their rhizosediment in Mangrove wetlands...     

Photodegradation of bisphenol A in simulated lake water containing algae, humic acid and ferric ions

The photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA), a suspected endocrine disruptor (ED), in simulated lake water containing algae, humic acid and Fe3+ ions was investigated. Algae, humic acid and Fe3+ ions enhanced the photodegradation of BPA. Photodegradation efficiency of BPA was 36% after 4h irradiation in the presence of 6.5 x 10(9) cells L(-1) raw Chlorella vulgaris, 4 mg L(-1) humic acid and 20 micromol L(-1) Fe3+. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA was higher in the presence of algae treated with ultrasonic than that without ultrasonic. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA in the water only containing algae treated with ultrasonic was 37% after 4h irradiation. The algae treated with heating can also enhance the photodegradation of BPA. This work helps environmental scientists to understand the photochemical behavior of BPA in lake water.     

Economic growth,technology, and CO2 emissions in BRICS: Investigating the non-linear impacts of economic complexity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Upgrading economic structures and producing less pollution-intensive goods are indispensable for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in...     

交联壳聚糖冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文合成了交联壳聚糖苯并－１５－冠－５醚和交联壳聚糖苯并－１８－冠－６醚,研究了它们对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）等金属离子的吸附性能和选择性,实验结果表明：无论是在单一金属离子体系还是在二元或三元金属离子体系中,ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＸ和ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＹ对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）者有较高的吸附选择性。     

生物炭/铁酸镧磁性复合材料的制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

为获得吸附性能良好、便于回收利用的新型吸附剂以处理染料废水,采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法将铁酸镧(LaFeO_3)经过一步热解负载于生物炭制得生物炭/LaFeO_3磁性复合材料(BC/FL)。其表面形态、结构和组成分析表明:BC/FL的比表面积、总孔容及平均孔径分别为34.67m2/g、0.041cm3/g和7.82nm,磁饱和强度达到40.283A/m,表面含有C=O、C=C=N、C≡C等官能团。批量吸附实验表明,25℃下,当亚甲基蓝(MB)的初始质量浓度为30mg/L时,BC/FL的最佳投加量为1.5g/L,吸附反应在120min达到平衡,去除率可达92.3%,且吸附效果基本不受pH影响。BC/FL对MB的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir模型可描述其等温吸附过程。化学吸附占主导地位,主要机理为静电吸附、氢键和π-π共轭作用。吸附反应为单分子层吸附且为自发的吸热过程。     

Photocatalytic reactions of phenanthrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of phenanthrene was investigated in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under UV light irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical techniques were used to monitor the reaction process. Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were studied and some aromatic intermediates were detected during the reaction process. Fast and complete mineralization of phenanthrene was achieved in this reaction system.     

藻渣添加对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵特征的影响

厌氧发酵是农业废弃物资源化的有效途径之一.将农业废弃物同其他富含氮元素的有机废物混合发酵能够有效地提高产气效率.以玉米秸秆为例,尝试利用藻渣作为添加剂,提高农业废弃物厌氧发酵的性能.实验主要研究了混合发酵比例对沼气产量、甲烷产量、沼渣沼液特征的影响.当玉米秸秆、藻渣和接种污泥的挥发性固体质量分数为10:2:2时,沼气产率最高可达421.0 mL/g,甲烷产率为218.7 mL/g.沼渣组分分析表明,纤维素和半纤维素降解效率分别为83.7%和68.4%,和对照相比纤维素的降解效率显著提高.结果表明,藻渣的添加能够有效地促进玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷过程.     

海洋石油工程新型溢油监测系统的研究

随着海洋石油的开采力度的加大,海上平台溢油事故也不断发生。在对传统监测方式的不足和海上溢油监测技术未来发展的趋势进行了综合考虑之后,开发了一套基于紫外诱导荧光探测技术的溢油监测系统。监测系统主要由检测终端、数据采集及异常报警系统和计算机处理及显示终端3个子模块组成,可以实现对海上平台潜在油污染源头信息的实时收集、传输、预警等功能。