论长江洪灾与可持续发展

本文分析了湖北等省份多年水灾资料,并对水灾的成因进行了研究,提出了根治水灾必须走可持续发展道路的建议     

英国防止虐待动物协会

<正>英国防止虐待动物协会(RSPCA)成立于1824年。当时一位伦敦的牧师亚瑟·布容邀约一些同样关怀动物的人士,召开了一个聚会,同声谴责当时斗牛及斗鸡等的残忍行为。会议中大家取得了共识,成立了世界第一个防止虐待动物协会(Society for the Prevention ofCruelty To Animals)。在他们的推动下,动物福利的立法正式开始并得     

瑞尔保护协会

瑞尔（RARE）保护协会（以下简称瑞尔）创立于1973年,RARE是英语Rare Animal Relief Effort（珍稀动物拯救行动）的首字母缩写。创始人David Hill少尉是美国人,他热爱观鸟活动,曾在飞虎队担任飞行员。在一次驾车穿越中美洲的旅途中,他萌发要创立一个组织来保护中美洲地区脆弱和特有动物的想法。起初,他想与美国奥杜邦协会（NationalAudubon Society）合作。当时,     

石包城乡榆林河流域放牧活动对沼泽性湿地水环境理化性质影响调查

研究主要对甘肃省西北部肃北蒙古族自治县石包城乡以南约1km处的榆林河源头东岸的湿地水环境进行调查采样,选择盐度、TDS、电导率、pH等水质理化指标进行测定分析,由实验结果可以看出,放牧活动对湿地水质理化指标有影响,受到保护的湿地由于放牧行为较少,没有超出湿地的承载能力,因此影响较小。     

外循环三相流化床污水处理特性的研究

采用三相外循环生物流化床处理生活污水。该设备包含好氧区和缺氧区,可获得足够的停留时间造成缺氧条件,能保证有效去除NH3—N。实验在室温下进行,进水条件pH为7～8,CODCr为286-656mg／L,NH3-N为10～51mg／L。结果显示,控制水力停留时间在3h为宜,最佳通气量为0．09m^3／h,此时CODc和NH3-N的去除率分别达91％和96．6％,有较好的处理效果。同时实验确定了最佳膜厚为145μm。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in local waterbird eggs from Hong Kong: risk assessment to local waterbirds

The contamination status of the marine environment in Hong Kong was studied by measuring concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pollutants (i.e., hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, total heptachlor, total chlordane, total DDTs, total PCBs, and total toxaphenes) in the eggs of selected waterbird species from different locations around the city: Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) from Mai Po Village, Great Egret (Ardea alba) and Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) from A Chau, and Chinese Pond Heron (A. bacchus) from Ho Sheung Heung. The mean concentrations of total PCBs and total DDTs ranged from 191-11 100 ng g⁻¹ lipid and 453-49 000 ng g⁻¹ lipid, respectively. Recent exposure of waterbirds to technical chlordane was found in Hong Kong. The risk characterization demonstrated potential risks to birds associated with exposure to DDE, which was found to cause a reduction in survival of young in Hong Kong Ardeids based on the endpoint in the risk assessment.     

颗粒物吸附乐果的动力学特征

研究了乐果在颗粒物表面上吸附的动力学特征,观察了颗粒物的性质对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,乐果在3种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,其相关系数在0.986 2～0.990 5,达到极显著水平.颗粒物的性质与吸附量相关分析发现,不同颗粒物对乐果的吸附程度是由颗粒物的有机质、粘粒、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和pH等理化特征综合作用的结果.pH对吸附行为影响的实验结果指出,随着体系的pH逐渐增大,颗粒物对乐果的吸附能力增强.     

氯胺消毒对三卤甲烷类消毒副产物的控制研究

在氯消毒研究的基础上,研究氯胺对消毒副产物的控制,将氯与氨氮的比值降至5,能够使单独氯消毒所生成消毒副产物减少89%,二溴一氯甲烷也不再检出;消毒副产物的生成量与氯胺的投加量呈很好的线性关系;接触时间对消毒副产物的生成量影响很小,24 h增加缓慢;pH升高至8消毒副产物的总量比pH为7时减少82.3%,一溴二氯甲烷不再检出;氯胺代替氯消毒能够很好地控制溴代消毒副产物种类和总量.     

Accumulation and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice (Oryza sativa)

Various tissues of rice plants were sampled from a PAH contaminated site in Tianjin, China at different growth stages of the ripening period and analyzed for PAHs. PAHs were much higher in roots than in the exposed tissues. Grains and internodes accumulated much smaller amounts of PAHs than leaves, hulls or ear axes. No specific gradient trends along roots, stem, ear axes, and grains were observed, suggesting that systematic translocation among them is unlikely. Over the ripening period, PAH concentrations were increased in rice roots and decreased in most above-ground tissues. Significant correlations between PAH and lipid contents can only be observed during full mature stage. The spectra of individual PAH compounds in rice organs including roots were similar to those in air, rather than those in soil. There was also a significant correlation between bioconcentration factor (BCF, plant over air) and octanol/air partitioning coefficient (Koa).     

A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change has led to the increased occurrence of extreme weather...