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791.
792.
在低密度聚乙烯悬浮接枝马来酸酐(MAH)的工艺过程中,分别采用工艺废水直接回用和补加MAH及相应添加剂后再回用的两种回用方式对工艺废水进行资源化利用。实验结果表明,将工艺废水补加MAH及相应添加剂后回用于接枝物的制备过程,所得产物的接枝率稳定在1.30%以上,凝胶含量(质量分数)低于0.018%,熔融指数为10.22~10.37g/10min,产物性能与采用原配方制得产物相近。将工艺废水进行资源化利用,每生产1t接枝产物可节省MAH0.33t,共计节约成本2 880元。 相似文献
793.
794.
Ran Tao Hao-Chang Su Jatinder P.S. Sidhu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2101-2109
This study investigated antibiotic resistance profiles and tetracycline resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae family isolates from the Pearl rivers. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for susceptibility to seven antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline and trimethoprim. In Liuxi reservoir, with an exception to ampicillin resistant strains (11%) no other antibiotic resistance bacterial strains were detected. However, multiple drug resistance in bacterial isolates from the other sites of Pearl rivers was observed which is possibly due to sewage discharge and input from other anthropogenic sources along the rivers. Four tetracycline resistance genes tet A, tet B, tet C and tet D were detected in the isolates from the rivers. The genes tet A and tet B were widely detected with the detection frequencies of 43% and 40% respectively. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistant enteric bacteria were also isolated from the pig and duck manures which suggest a wider distribution of human specific drugs in the environment. This investigation provided a baseline data on antibiotic resistance profiles and tetracycline resistance genes in the Pearl rivers delta. 相似文献
795.
Carmen Paz Suárez-Araujo Patricio García Báez Álvaro Sánchez Rodríguez José Juan Santana-Rodrríguez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(24):24547-24559
Benzimidazole fungicides (BFs) are a type of pesticide of high environmental interest characterized by a heavy fluorescence spectral overlap which complicates its detection in mixtures. In this paper, we present a computational study based on supervised neural networks for a multi-label classification problem. Specifically, backpropagation networks (BPNs) with data fusion and ensemble schemes are used for the simultaneous resolution of difficult multi-fungicide mixtures. We designed, optimized and compared simple BPNs, BPNs with data fusion and BPNs ensembles. The information environment used is made up of synchronous and conventional BF fluorescence spectra. The mixture spectra are not used in the training nor the validation stage. This study allows us to determine the convenience of fusioning the labels of carbendazim and benomyl for the identification of BFs in complex multi-fungicide mixtures. 相似文献
796.
EGSB反应器处理产氢发酵液 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,对厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床(EGSB)反应器处理产氢发酵液的启动性能进行了研究。结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃,水力停留时间(HRT)为6h的条件下,逐渐提高进水COD,经过40d连续运行,EGSB反应器启动成功。容积负荷达到14kgCOD/(m3·d)时,COD去除率约为80%,产气量为26.84L/d,甲烷含量为57.9%。 相似文献
797.
Yiteng Su Lihong Peng Angus Shiue Gui-Bing Hong Zhang Qian 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(7):827-833
Mesoporous MCM-41 was synthesized using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant and spent quartz sand as the silica source. Modification of the mesoporous structure to create an absorbent was then completed using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Amine-Quartz-MCM (The A-Q-MCM) adsorbents were then characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis (EA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as the carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption/desorption performance. In this study, spent quartz sand was utilized to synthesize Quartz-MCM (Q-MCM) and the amine functionalized material, A-Q-MCM, which exhibited a higher uptake of CO2 at room temperature compared with the nongrafted material. The results showed that Q-MCM is similar to MCM-41 synthesized using commercial methods. The surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter were found to be as high as 1028 m2/g, 0.907 cm3/g, and 3.04 nm, respectively. Under the condition of CO2 concentration of 5000 ppm, retention time of 50 cc/min, and the dosage of 1 g/cm3, the mean adsorption capacity of CO2 onto A-Q-MCM was about 89 mg/g, and the nitrogen content of A-Q-MCM was 2.74%. The adsorption equilibrium was modeled well using a Freundlich isotherm.
Implications:In this study, spent quartz sand was utilized to synthesize Q-MCM. The amine functionalized material exhibited a higher uptake of CO2 at room temperature compared with the nongrafted material. The results showed that Q-MCM is similar to MCM-41 synthesized using commercial methods. The adsorption equilibrium was modeled well using a Freundlich isotherm. 相似文献
798.
Quantitative Identification of Disturbance Thresholds in Support of Aquatic Resource Management 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The identification of disturbance thresholds is important for many aspects of aquatic resource management, including the establishment
of regulatory criteria and the identification of stream reference conditions. A number of quantitative or model-based approaches
can be used to identify disturbance thresholds, including nonparametric deviance reduction (NDR), piecewise regression (PR),
Bayesian changepoint (BCP), quantile piecewise constant (QPC), and quantile piecewise linear (QPL) approaches. These methods
differ in their assumptions regarding the nature of the disturbance-response variable relationship, which can make selecting
among the approaches difficult for those unfamiliar with the methods. We first provide an overview of each of the aforementioned
approaches for identifying disturbance thresholds, including the types of data for which the approaches are intended. We then
compare threshold estimates from each of these approaches to evaluate their robustness using both simulated and empirical
datasets. We found that most of the approaches were accurate in estimating thresholds for datasets with drastic changes in
responses variable at the disturbance threshold. Conversely, only the PR and QPL approaches performed well for datasets with
conditional mean or upper boundary changes in response variables at the disturbance threshold. The most robust threshold identification
approach appeared to be the QPL approach; this method provided relatively accurate threshold estimates for most of the evaluated
datasets. Because accuracy of disturbance threshold estimates can be affected by a number of factors, we recommend that several
steps be followed when attempting to identify disturbance thresholds. These steps include plotting and visually inspecting
the disturbance-response data, hypothesizing what mechanisms likely generate the observed pattern in the disturbance-response
data, and plotting the estimated threshold in relation to the disturbance-response data to ensure the appropriateness of the
threshold estimate. 相似文献
799.
Numerous road and railway construction projects include costly mitigation measures to offset the barrier effect produced on local fauna, despite the scarcity of data on the effectiveness of such mitigation measures. In this study, we evaluate the utility of different types of crossing structures. Vertebrate use of 43 transverse crossing structures along the A-52 motorway (north-western Spain) was studied during spring 2001. Research centered on wildlife passages (9), wildlife-adapted box culverts (7), functional passages (6 overpasses, 7 underpasses) and culverts (14), with marble dust being used to record animal tracks. A total of 424 track-days were recorded, with most of the larger vertebrate groups present in the area being detected. All crossing structure types were used by animals, although the intensity of use varied significantly among them (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05); culverts were used less frequently than other structures. Crossing structure type and width were identified as the most important factors in their selection for use. Wildlife passages and adapted culverts allowed crossing by certain species (wild boar, roe deer, Eurasian badger), which do not tend to cross elsewhere. These results highlight the importance of using both mixed-type structures and wildlife passages in reducing the barrier effect of roads. 相似文献
800.
湖南永吉高速公路建设的景观格局影响评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)与地理信息系统技术(GIS),对湖南省永吉高速公路沿线建设前后的景观进行分类和制图,结合景观结构分析软件Fragstats33和景观生态学方法,从斑块和景观两个层次上研究高速公路建设前后景观格局的变化。结果表明:(1)斑块层次指数中,沿线除公路用地外各景观类型的面积均有所减少,257%的土地转换为公路用地,其中旱地面积减少最多,但是公路建设前后没有改变该区域的优势斑块类型;(2)景观层次指数中,斑块数目和斑块密度的增加与最大斑块指数的减少,都表明景观异质性增加;(3)不同缓冲区分析结果表明:高速公路建设对景观格局的干扰突出表现在距公路较近的500 m缓冲区内。本研究方法在未来路网规划与环境影响评价中具有一定应用前景 相似文献