Effects of ambient temperature on regulated gaseous and particulate emissions from gasoline-, E10- and M15-fueled vehicles

• Emissions from two sedans were tested with gasoline, E10 and M15 at 30°C and -7°C. • As the temperature decreased, the PM, PN and BC emissions increased with all fuels. • Particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more sensitive to the temperature. • The PN and BC generated during cold start-up dominated those over the WLTC. Ambient temperature has substantial impacts on vehicle emissions, but the impacts may differ between traditional and alcohol gasolines. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on gaseous and particulate emissions with both traditional and alcohol gasoline. Regulated gaseous, particle mass (PM), particle number (PN) and black carbon (BC) emissions from typical passenger vehicles were separately quantified with gasoline, E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline by volume) and M15 (15% methanol and 85% gasoline by volume) at both 30°C and -7°C. The particulate emissions with all fuels increased significantly with decreased temperature. The PM emissions with E10 were only 48.0%–50.7% of those with gasoline at 30°C but increased to 59.2%-79.4% at -7°C. The PM emissions with M15 were comparable to those with gasoline at 30°C, but at -7°C, the average PM emissions were higher than those with gasoline. The variation trend of PN emissions was similar to that of PM emissions with changes in the fuel and temperature. At 30°C, the BC emissions were lower with E10 and M15 than with gasoline in most cases, but E10 and M15 might emit more BC than gasoline at -7°C, especially M15. The results of the transient PN and BC emission rates show that particulate emissions were dominated mainly by those emitted during the cold-start moment. Overall, the particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more easily affected by ambient temperature, and the advantages of E10 and M15 in controlling particulate emissions declined as the ambient temperature decreased.     

利用210Pb测年法探讨临海工程建设对厦门同安湾沉积速率的影响

采用铅-210地质年代学方法分析了厦门同安湾自高集海堤及其它临海工程兴建以来的淤积现象。结果表明:陆续的临海工程兴建,尤其是高集海堤修建,海湾水动力条件明显变化,致使整个海湾基本上处于接受沉积状况;沉积速率明显增加;近海堤主航道的淤积超过了海湾东、西、南三侧岸滩。     

Engineering properties of asphalt concrete made with recycled glass

Taiwan is an island nation with high population density: 23 million people living in a total land area of 30 000 sq. km. The island has transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial one in the past three decades. Coming with the transformation is a cumulated waste problem. Taiwan produces nearly 5 million tons of waste each year, of which 10% is of glass materials. Bureau of Highway Department funded a research program to investigate ways of recycling the glass waste. This report presents information on the program and laboratory/field test data. Materials used in the test program included 85/100 asphalt, Type II modified asphalt, and treated glass waste. Four glass contents: 0, 5, 10, and 15%, in terms of the total aggregate weight, were used in the mixture designs for casting series of 10 cm diameter by 6.35 cm disk specimens. Tests including Marshall stability value, dry/wet moisture damage, skid resistance, light reflection, water permeability, and compaction were carried out in accordance with the ASTM and AASHTO procedures. The test results reveal that glass waste is a viable material for asphalt concrete that has been widely used in pavement that offers profound engineering and economic advantages.     

唐山7.8级地震短临前兆场源特征的研究

为了通过场的动态监视和源的过程追踪以实现地震预报,以唐山7.8级地震为例,研究了震前各种前兆方法观测到的短临异常的场兆和源兆的特征。通过研究得出:场兆数量多、密度小、异常台项比低,源兆数量少、密度大、异常台项比高;台点多的地下水位和流动重力较易区分场兆和源兆的差异性;源兆主要分布在一些断裂构造形成的闭锁区内,场兆主要分布在闭锁区附近一些活动断裂及交汇部位。     

秦皇岛海滨森林公园森林景观改造探讨

秦皇岛海滨森林公园是秦皇岛沿海防护林的重要组成部分，也是秦皇岛重要的城市森林公园之一。针对秦皇岛海滨森林公园阔叶树多、针叶树少、树种单一、林龄老化、景观单调的现状．探讨了森林公园景观改造的原则、措施和技术，并描绘了景观改造后的效果。     

Distribution of fallout radionuclides (7Be, 137Cs, 210Pb and 239,240Pu) in soils of Taiwan

Depth profiles and cumulative deposition of four fallout radionuclides (7Be, 137Cs, 210Pb and 239,240Pu) were determined in presumably undisturbed soils in Taiwan. Inventories of these radionuclides in different areas correlate significantly with each other (except 7Be) and with mean annual rainfall, providing a necessary condition for the development of soil erosion studies in Taiwan. However, the data show very large spatial variability between and within landscape units, reflecting the steep topographic and meteorological gradients in the island. Thus, the application of fallout radionuclides to study soil conservation in Taiwan is expected to be a demanding task; it will call for dense sampling even at undisturbed reference sites.     

味精废水的超滤前处理工艺研究

针对高氨氮、高CODcr的味精工艺废水处理工程,进行了超滤膜工艺相关试验。在超滤运行工艺参数分析基础上,重点分析了叠片过滤及纤维过滤两类不同超滤前处理的运行工况,从而得出特定水源条件下超滤的前处理工艺及参数。     

三种典型的污泥发电工艺

污泥发电是城市污水处理厂进行污泥合理开发利用的技术措施之一,是污泥实行减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化的良好方法,本文介绍了3种典型的污泥发电工艺：污泥焚烧发电;污泥厌氧消化产生沼气、通过燃气轮机组发电;污泥厌氧消化产生沼气、进而通过改质制造氢气,经燃料电池发电。对污泥合理利用的规范化、科学化有一定的借鉴意义。     

欧盟REACH法规实践

介绍了欧盟REACH法规的预注册要求及注册流程,中国石化及时制定公司的应对策略及具体方案,并完成第一阶段物质注册.     

危险化学品储存企业的风险分析与应对措施

阐述了危险化学品储存企业存在和面临的风险种类,分析产生风险的原因,通过对风险因素的分析和评估,提出了缩减风险的应对措施,从而降低事故概率和频率,减少了危险化学品储存企业的风险。