中国雪灾及相关研究述评

雪灾作为自然灾害的一种,相对于其他灾种,发生的范围和频率较小。历史上发生的雪灾有记载的200多次,其中重大的上百次。学界有关雪灾问题的研究存在着很大的不足：一是有关研究大都包涵在自然灾害之中作为灾种的一部分进行简单论述,而没有单独作为一个专题进行更为详实的研究;二是近30年来,学界多从气象学角度出发,对雪灾的形成机制及原因等方面进行分析,而从社会学与史学的角度进行研究的成果极其少见。     

Spatially Varying Determinants of Farmland Conversion Across Qiantang Watershed, China

This paper employed geographically weighted regression (GWR) to characterize the determinants of farmland conversion at administrative scale between 1994 and 2003 across Qiantang watershed, China. Six determinants were identified: total area of forest, distance to highway, distance to second road, distance to river, population, and gross domestic product. Relationships between these identified determinants and farmland conversion showed great spatial non-stationarity, since their character, nature, and strength varied significantly across space. Typically, for cities whose development was heavily relied on road infrastructure development, the impacts of “distance to second road” and “distance to river” was negative. However, in mountainous areas, the restriction of terrain factors led to positive impacts from these two variables. For areas undergoing rapid socio-economic development, farmland conversion was accelerated by population growth and economic development. However, for more urbanized regions, a slow-down rate of farmland conversion would be expected. Our study highlighted that the problem of spatial non-stationarity should be addressed when qualifying the determinants of farmland conversion. Linking our results within the context of farmland protection, we argue that implementing local-specific land management practices, instead of the current one-size-fits-all framework, is the key for the success of farmland protection in China.     

城镇化发展与城镇生态环境建设研究

当前城镇化发展与城镇生态环境建设应该有机结合起来,走新型城镇化发展道路,结合绿色发展理念,将绿色、低碳、集约和智能贯彻到其中,从而更好推进城镇化发展。本文对此进行了深入探究,旨在促进城镇经济和社会更好发展。     

甲醇溶液中多氯联苯的微波降解

采用微波降解多氯联苯，对影响多氯联苯降解率的反应温度、反应时间、搅拌方式、试剂加入量等因素进行了考察和优化，结果表明：在反应温度为50℃、反应时间为10min、充分搅拌的条件下，溶液中多氯联苯的降解率可达99．999％。经初步分析确定，多氯联苯的降解产物为无毒的烃类、碳、氯离子和水等物质。     

新生二氧化锰吸附法去除水中直接大红染料

研究了影响新生MnO2对直接大红4B染料废水脱附脱色的有关因素,结果表明,pH是影响脱色效果的关键因素,吸附脱色存在佳化pH范围,其上限随染料浓度的提高和MnO2投加量的增加而增大。投加0．3g/L的MnO2可使染料废水的脱色率达到98．2％,升高温度可提高脱色率。     

小型砂滤池在废水处理中的应用

本文通过湿式除尘后的废水治理及工程实例,探讨了小型砂滤池在废水处 理中应用的可行性。     

排污权交易基准价定价机制探讨

构建科学合理的基准价定价机制是推动排污权交易的基础性工作,本文以政策、管理、技术三个方面作为立足点,探讨了基准价定价机制,构建了工作框架。研究认为现阶段基准价定价采取成本定价法是合适的,并对基准价定价技术难点进行了剖析,提出了建议。