基于响应曲面法的臭氧生成敏感性分析

准确判断臭氧(O₃)生成敏感性对O₃污染成因分析和防控对策的制定至关重要.首次利用响应曲面方法设计最优试验方案,基于盒子模式模拟结果,快速量化O₃对其前体物变化的响应.结果表明,CO对O₃有正贡献,NO_x和VOCs与O₃呈现显著非线性关系,当φ(VOCs)与[φ(NO_x)-13.75]比值大于4.17时,为NO_x控制区,小于4.17时,为VOCs控制区;烯烃为影响O₃生成的关键VOCs组分,当φ(烯烃)与[φ(NO_x)-15]比值小于1.10且φ(烯烃)<35×10^-9时,烯烃有利于O₃的生成.响应曲面法在多因素和其交互作用对O₃生成影响的研究中取得了良好效果,为高效判断O₃敏感性提供了新的思路和方法.     

覆盖对南方红壤桔园生态系统的影响

连续４年观测了几种覆盖处理下红壤坡地桔园内气温、土温、土壤水分状况，土壤养分及土壤物理性状的差异，分析了造成这些差异的直接原因，提出地膜加草覆盖是南方红壤无灌溉条件坡地桔园最理想的覆盖方式之一。     

A laboratory study on migration of K+ in a two-layer landfill liner system.

Contaminant transport through the clay liner and the underIying secondary leachate drain layer (SLDL) in landfills was studied through a laboratory test, and analysis method on the transport of K+ in a two-layer soil system. The soils used for this study were Ariake clay and the underlying layer, Shirasu soil from the Kyushu region of Japan, representing the clay liner material and SLDL material, respectively. The effective diffusion coefficients (De) of the selected target chemical species, potassium (K+) for the Ariake clay and Shirasu soil were back-calculated using a computer program, and it was found that values of De derived from this study were consistent with those previously published. The hypothesis that the mechanical dispersion process can be negligible has been proved to be reasonable based on both the observation that the predicted values fit the experimental data and the analyses of two dimensionless parameters. Parametric analysis showed the transport of K+ through the soils is controlled by advection-diffusion rather than diffusion only, whereas at low Darcy velocity (i.e. < or = 10(-9) m s(-1)), transport of K+ would be controlled by diffusion. The test results and parametric analysis may be applied in design of landfill liners and SLDLs, particularly in coastal areas.     

湖北省湖泊水环境化学特征及其与人类活动的关系

通过对湖北省近３０个湖泊水环境化学的分析，探讨了湖北省湖泊水质状况和湖水的化学稳定性，指出远离工业区和居民生活区的湖泊水质一般较好，城区或城效型湖泊在不同程度上受到了工业废水和生活污水的影响。控制，消除湖泊污染是今后经济、社会和环境建设不可忽视的重要工作。     

平原地区洪灾风险评价的GIS方法研究 --以荆州6县市为例

平原地区因地势低平。水网发达而常遭到洪水的威胁。这种威胁既有来自过境洪水的洪灾．也有来自本地因暴雨引起的涝灾。如何考虑它们两者的相互影响以及洪水灾害的自然与社会经济属性，进行洪水风险评价是一个比较困难的问题。在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS8．1支持下，既考虑过境洪水与本地涝灾，也考虑承灾体的易损性(包括人口、交通线与经济)，还考虑抗灾能力，以GRID模块的地图代数作为运算手段，用AHP法确定因子的权重，建立了评估平原地区的洪灾风险的计算模型和评价方法，该模型运用于长江中游洪灾风险比较严重的地区——荆州地区的6县市．取得了比较好的效果。     

结构风灾经济损失模型在GIS中的应用

在城市抗风防灾研究中，采用GIS技术已成为一种必要的手段，但现有结构风灾经济损失模型参数多，不易采集，造成建立GIS数据库具有一定的困难。因此，简化模型，降低数据采集难度的工作量是十分必要的，本文采用样本计算，制成表格供查询使用，在保证计算精度的前提下，使参数由12个减为2个，大大降低了数据采集和GIS数据库建立的难度。     

Metal accumulation in intertidal litter through decomposing leaf blades, sheaths and stems of Phragmites australis

Metal contents of decomposing leaf blades, leaf sheaths and stems of common reed (Phragmites australis) were monitored by a litter bag method on the sediment of an intertidal brackish marsh in the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands). On monthly intervals, two litter bags were retrieved from the marsh during 9 months for both leaf blades and sheaths and during 16 months for stems. All samples were dried, weighed and analysed for ash and Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn contents. Most concentrations increased considerably during the decomposition. Generally, also a very important net metal inflow into the litter bags could be observed. The inflow was highest for leaf blades. High correlations between ash contents and metal concentrations for leaf blades suggest that the increase of leaf blade metal contents can be due to physicochemical sorption of dissolved metals and an important infiltration of mud particles, which were not removed by rinsing the leaf blades with distilled water preceding the analyses. For stems, smaller amounts of inflowing ash and even outflowing ash amounts were found, which suggests that inflow of inorganic particles is not the major factor determining metal accumulation by stems on medium term. Ergosterol concentrations in stem tissue however proved to be correlated with metal contents, which suggests a significant role of fungal litter colonizers in metal accumulation. For leaf sheaths, the effects of physicochemical sorption, infiltration of mud particles and incorporation by microbial litter colonizers do not seem to be as pronounced as for stems and leaf blades.     

"三大定律"警示基层安全管理工作

近两年来,频繁发生的"12·23重庆井喷"、"4·15重庆天原化工厂氯气泄漏"、"吉化11·13苯泄露事件"等等安全事故,让人触目惊心.从这些事故原因中,我们不难看到钻井作业卸掉"防喷阀"、危险化学品车辆押运员"逃逸"、化工厂职工现场"处置不当"等不安全状态(侥幸心理和麻痹大意思想)是导致这些事故发生的直接原因.我们安全管理人员在分析以上事故原因,吸取惨痛教训的同时,不能忽视事故发生的规律,并且应注重"安全管理三大定律"对基层安全管理和安全培训教育工作的启示.     

Influence of air-sea fluxes on chlorine isotopic composition of ocean water: implications for constancy in delta37Cl--a statistical inference

The behaviors of chlorine isotopes in relation to air-sea flux variables have been investigated through multivariate statistical analyses (MSA). The MSA technique provides an approach to reduce the data set and was applied to a set of 7 air-sea flux variables to supplement and describe the variation in chlorine isotopic compositions (delta37Cl) of ocean water. The variation in delta37Cl values of surface ocean water from 51 stations in 4 major world oceans--the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and the Southern Ocean has been observed from -0.76 to +0.74 per thousand (av. 0.039+/-0.04 per thousand). The observed delta37Cl values show basic homogeneity and indicate that the air-sea fluxes act differently in different oceanic regions and help to maintain the balance between delta37Cl values of the world oceans. The study showed that it is possible to model the behavior of chlorine isotopes to the extent of 38-73% for different geographical regions. The models offered here are purely statistical in nature; however, the relationships uncovered by these models extend our understanding of the constancy in delta37Cl of ocean water in relation to air-sea flux variables.