Concentrations and analysis of health risks of ambient air metallic elements at Longjing site in central Taiwan

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The concentrations of particulates and metallic elements that were bound to total suspended particulates in ambient air at Long Cyuan Elementary School...     

Spatial variability in soil water and salinity in Tamarix community in a semiarid saline region of the upper Yellow River北大核心CSCD

Tamarix is widely distributed in semiarid saline regions of the upper Yellow River. The community of Tamarix affects the spatial distribution of soil water and salinity. It is important to explore the dynamic response relationship of Tamarix community and spatial distribution of soil water and salinity in order to evaluate the effects of vegetation community construction and ecological restoration in this region. The natural Tamarix community in the secondary saline-alkali land of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area was investigated in July 2016. Classical statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil water and salinity. The results showed that the soil water content was relatively low (1.98%-7.55%), whereas the soil salinity was high (average conductivity 10.28-25.38 mS/cm) in the study area. The variability coefficient range of soil water and salinity was 36.1%-83.7%, both with moderate variations. Furthermore, the variation degree of soil salinity decreased with the increase in soil depth. The soil water and salinity had obvious spatial structure characteristics, which was mainly affected by structural factors or structural factors associated with stochastic factors. The coefficients of nugget were 0.04%-49.88%, indicating the strong spatial correlation. The spatial distribution of soil water and salinity in Tamarix community showed a patchy pattern; the soil water and salinity distribution in the areas with high Tamarix growing density were considerably high. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between soil water and salinity in the study area. In conclusion, soil water and salinity restrict the distribution and growth of Tamarix. Furthermore, the distribution and growth of Tamarix enhanced the spatial variability of soil water and salinity. Keywords. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布

福寿螺是世界100种恶性入侵物种中唯一的水生螺,已对大理及周边地区造成了不可估量的经济损失和生态安全问题。为探究洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布及与水环境因子、季节之间的关系,探索福寿螺在大理地区的入侵机制,为大理地区高效防治福寿螺提供建设性建议,并为福寿螺时空分布格局的相关研究积累资料,于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在大理洱海及其上游水源地海西海、西湖、茈碧湖、绿玉池,以及罗时江湿地进行系统抽样,利用统计软件分析福寿螺分布与水质关系,结合GIS,分析福寿螺的时空分布以及潜在入侵危害。结果表明,从空间尺度上,洱海流域福寿螺有进一步扩散的趋势;从时间尺度上,福寿螺的密度随季节性水位的改变而变化;洱海流域的福寿螺分布和水质因子之间基本无相关性。     

腈菌唑手性单体对雄性丽斑麻蜥肝脏代谢功能的影响

腈菌唑(MT)是一种应用广泛的手性杀菌剂,其手性对映体为(+)-腈菌唑(MT1)和(-)-腈菌唑(MT2)。为评估腈菌唑单体暴露对丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)肝脏代谢功能的毒性影响,研究了MT1(5 mg·kg~(-1))和MT2(5 mg·kg~(-1))暴露28 d下蜥蜴体重、肝组织病理学和代谢相关基因表达的变化。结果显示,MT1暴露组的蜥蜴体重在28 d时出现显著下降。在MT1和MT2暴露后,蜥蜴的肝组织均出现了不同程度的病理学变化。在MT1暴露下,基因CYP1A1、CYP2D6、CYP3A4、CYP3A7和CYP2D3的表达水平未发生显著变化,而基因CYP2C8A的表达显著上调。在MT2暴露下,基因CYP3A4、CYP3A7和CYP2D3的表达未发生明显变化;基因CYP1A1和CYP2C8的表达显著下调;基因CYP2D6的表达显著上调。不同腈菌唑单体对蜥蜴体重、肝组织病理学以及代谢相关基因的表达影响不同,具有一定的对映选择性。     

微囊藻毒素-LR对雄性黑斑蛙精巢中CYP46A1,CYP2H2和CYP2G1 mRNA表达的影响

微囊藻毒素-LR(microcystin-LR,MC-LR)是分布最广泛和毒性最强的一种微囊藻毒素,对水生动物造成潜在的健康威胁。大量科学研究证实,动物体中的细胞色素P450酶(CYP)参与内源性物质及外源毒性物质的代谢过程。为探究两栖动物生殖器官中的CYP酶对低剂量MC-LR生殖毒效应的调节作用,选择雄性黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)为受试动物,采用静态置换法和体内暴露方法,分别暴露于0、0.1、1和10μg·L~(-1)MC-LR溶液0、7和14 d;用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测精巢中CYP46A1、CYP2H2和CYP2G1的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,暴露于0.1、1和10μg·L~(-1)MC-LR 14 d后,CYP46A1在mRNA水平分别上调了1.86、1.65和1.22倍,CYP2H2在mRNA水平分别上调了4.62、1.80和1.04倍,CYP2G1的mRNA水平分别上调了2.63、2.16和1.56倍。MC-LR在1μg·L~(-1)剂量下暴露7 d后,CYP46A1、CYP2H2和CYP2G1 mRNA水平均出现显著上调。上述研究表明,微囊藻毒素对黑斑蛙精巢3种CYP基因在mRNA水平上都存在低剂量刺激效应。低剂量MC-LR能诱导黑斑蛙精巢中CYP46A1转录水平变化,促进胆固醇转化为24S-羟化胆固醇,潜在破坏雄性黑斑蛙精巢中胆固醇水平的平衡; MC-LR也能够诱导精巢中CYP2H2和CYP2G1转录水平的变化,潜在调节CYP2H2和CYP2G1转录水平,进而影响MC-LR的代谢作用。     

The temporal changes of the concentration level of typical toxic organics in the river sediments around Beijing

In this study, the current situation of five types of toxic organics and endocrine disrupters in the sediments of rivers around Beijing, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), estrogens (Es), and bisphenol A (BPA), which included 56 contaminants, was analyzed and compared with that registered by the historical literatures. The ecological risks were also assessed. The total concentration of PAHs, PAEs, OCPs, Es, and BPA ranged from 232.5 ng·g^–1 to 5429.7 ng·g^–1, 2047.2 ng·g^–1 to 18051.5 ng·g^–1, 4.5 ng·g^–1 to 11.7 ng·g^–1, 18.1 ng·g^–1 to 105.2 ng·g^–1, and 36.3 ng·g^–1 to 69.6 ng·g^–1, respectively. Among these five types of organic compounds, the concentration levels of PAHs and OCPs have decreased significantly in the last ten years, while those of PAEs and Es had an upward trend compared with the previous studies. BPA still remained at a moderately high level, as it was ten years ago. The risks of the PAEs in all of the sample sites, and fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in the Wenyu River sediment, were relatively high. These results supplemented the database of toxic organics’ concentration levels in the sediments of Beijing rivers.

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Nitrogen removal performance of municipal reverse osmosis concentrate with low C/N ratio by membrane-aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane-aerated biofilm reactor was employed to investigate the nitrogen removal of one typical municipal reverse osmosis(RO) concentrate with a high total nitrogen (TN) concentration and a low C/ N ratio. The effects of operational conditions, including the aeration pressure, the hydraulic retention time and the C/N ratio, on the systematic performance were evaluated. The nitrogen removal mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the effluent concentrations of nitrogen contents. Furthermore, the microbial tolerance with elevated salinity was identified. The results indicated that the optimal TN removal efficiency of 79.2% was achieved of the aeration pressure of 0.02 MPa, hydraulic retention time of 24 h, and the C/N ratio of 5.8, respectively. It is essential to supplement the carbon source for the targeted RO concentrate to promote the denitrification process. The inhibitory effect of salinity on denitrifying bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria was significant, revealing the limited TN removal capacity of the conditions in this work. The TN removal efficiency remained more than 70% with the addition of salt (NaCl) amount below 20 g/L. This work preliminarily demonstrated the MABR feasibility for the nitrogen removal of municipal RO concentrate with low C/N ratio and provided technical guidance for further scale-up application.

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FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为研究

通过FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱的单向和往复轴压试验,研究了外包FRP的断裂应变、刚度、以及加载方式对钢筋屈曲性能的影响。采用了两种不同的纤维材料:CFRP和PET FRP,二者具有不同的断裂应变(CFRP1.5%;PET FRP5%)。在试验分析的基础上,发展了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的弹性地基梁模型,该模型能够较好地分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土柱中钢筋屈曲行为。基于弹性地基梁模型和试验数据,提出了考虑FRP侧向约束作用的钢筋屈曲经验模型。并将该模型通过二次开发的方法写入OpenSees数值分析平台,对FRP约束RC柱的往复轴压行为进行数值分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究成果可为精确分析FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构的抗震性能提供有力的工具。     

石家庄市主城区臭氧污染特征及气象成因分析

为了解石家庄市主城区O₃(臭氧)污染特征及其影响因子,基于2015-2018年石家庄市空气质量连续监测资料和同期气象数据分析了主城区O₃污染总体特征及气象成因.结果表明:①石家庄市主城区大气光化学污染日益严峻,ρ(O₃)日均值由2015年的47 μg/m3增至2018年的66 μg/m3,ρ(O₃)超过GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值的天数由2015年的20 d增至2018年的70 d.②ρ(O₃)存在明显的季节性差异,呈夏季[(89±33)μg/m3] >春季[(69±25)μg/m3] >秋季[(40±26)μg/m3] >冬季[(28±16)μg/m3]的特征;ρ(O₃)日变化呈单峰型分布,谷值出现在06:00-07:00,峰值出现在15:00-16:00,且15:00-17:00是ρ(O₃)超标的高发时段.③ρ(O₃)与气温呈指数关系,当气温为20~25、25~30、≥ 30℃时,ρ(O₃)日均值分别为75、90及119 μg/m3.ρ(O₃)在相对湿度为60%时存在拐点,当相对湿度≤ 60%时,ρ(O₃)随相对湿度的增大而上升;当相对湿度>60%时,ρ(O₃)随相对湿度的增大而下降.风速与ρ(O₃)呈分段线性关系,当风速 < 2 m/s时,ρ(O₃)随风速的增加而上升;当风速≥ 2 m/s时,ρ(O₃)随风速的增加而下降.④影响石家庄市主城区ρ(O₃)升高的污染源主要位于其东-东南-南方位,其次为东北-东方位,而西部和北部地区则较少.⑤石家庄市主城区ρ(O₃)超标多发生在气温>20℃,相对湿度介于40%~70%之间,风速在1.5~3.0 m/s之间的气象背景下,经统计,当气象条件同时符合上述三项气象要素时,ρ(O₃)超标天数占3-10月总超标天数的66.5%.研究显示,气温>20℃、相对湿度为40%~70%、风速为1.5~3.0 m/s的气象条件可初步作为石家庄市主城区O₃污染的预警指标.      

大豆传统产区种植结构变化及影响因素的定量化评价——以黑龙江省嫩江县为例

东北地区,特别是黑龙江省是中国传统的大豆产区,其近年的种植结构变化导致国内大豆产量大幅度减少,而进口量持续增加,并已成为全球第一大豆进口国。为探究大豆传统产区种植结构变化现状及主要影响因素,论文以黑龙江省嫩江县为研究区,解译遥感影像分析其种植结构的演变过程,并以农户大豆种植意愿为因变量,对影响因素进行定量化评价。研究结果表明：1）2000年以来,研究区种植结构发生了较大调整,2000-2007年间,第四积温带大豆种植面积大幅度增加;2007-2014年第四、五积温带玉米种植面积大幅度增加,达到17.4×10⁴ hm²,且有继续北扩趋势,而大豆北扩东移,2014年在粮食作物总播种面积中的比重较2000年减少27个百分点;2）目标价格政策对农户大豆种植意愿的影响度最大,达18.89%,其次大豆市场价格和轮作种植的影响度均达18.54%,大豆总投入的影响度为13.82%,其他因素影响度均在10%以下。国产大豆的竞争优势在于“非转基因”和“食用蛋白豆”,国家除了在政策上扶持大豆生产外,更重要的是要鼓励相关企业生产多样化的“非转基因”大豆制品,并严控转基因大豆进入食品领域,使加工企业和豆农获得合理溢价,通过市场机制提高大豆传统产区豆农的生产积极性。