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751.
随着RFID技术在各个领域的广泛应用,其面临的电磁兼容问题逐渐显现出来。对RFID中电磁兼容问题的分析是解决RFID中电磁兼容问题的前提。论文首先总结出了RFID系统内部存在的主要电磁兼容问题,然后分析了RFID在应用中产生的辐射问题及它与其他系统之间的相互干扰问题,最后归纳总结出了目前对RFID中电磁兼容问题进行研究的方法,及解决RFID中电磁兼容问题的具体措施。 相似文献
752.
Yi H. Liu Chun M. Wang Yi R. Guo Xiao Liang Wenjun Gui Guo N. Zhu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):547-556
A heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which was based on monoclonal antibody (Mab) to determine parathion residue in agricultural and environmental samples. Eight Mabs were produced by introducing the heterologous indirect ELISA into the screening procedure. It was shown that these Mabs had more broad-reactivity with twenty competitors than that of 5H7 (Mab produced by homologous screening). So it became much easier using these new Mabs to develop heterologous immunoassays. In addition, all the developed heterologous ELISAs could be used to determine parathion residue in semiquantitative or quantitative level, and their detection limitation (LOD) was around 2 ng/mL. Compared with the previous heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/5H7) with IC50 of 13.3 ng/mL, a better heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/1E1) was obtained with IC50 of 3.8 ng/mL, which improved the sensitivity 3.5 times. Finally, the latter was applied to parathion residue determination in spiked agricultural and environmental samples without extraction or cleanup. The average recoveries of parathion added to water, soil, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and carrot were between 80.4 % and 111.8 %. The LOD for water and soil samples was 5 ng/mL, and the LOD for cucumber, rice and corn samples was 10 ng/mL. 相似文献
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755.
Ting Xu Bao M. Wang Wei Sheng Qing X. Li Xiao L. Shao Ji Li 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):173-177
The present study outlines applications of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of clenbuterol residues. Antisera were raised from rabbits immunized with diazotized clenbuterol-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The assay was specific to clenbuterol with a half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 1.8 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL in blank swine urine and phosphate buffer solution, respectively. The assay had high cross-reactivity (86%) with mabuterol, but low with other adrenergic agonists and antagonists. The average recovery of clenbuterol, as measured with the ELISA, ranged from 90% to 112% in swine urine samples and from 86% to 95% in feeds, respectively. This new assay was compared with commercial ELISA test kits. An excellent correlation (r 2 = 0.98) between the two methods and satisfactory recoveries suggest that the new assay can be suitable for the determination of clenbuterol residues in real samples. The assay was used to analyze clenbuterol residues in 103 swine urine samples and 68 feed samples collected from northern China. Approximately 50% of the urine samples and 25% of the feed samples analyzed were found positive (concentration of clenbuterol ≥ 1 ppb). The results indicate that clenbuterol was misused in some of the areas surveyed. 相似文献
756.
Ten‐Hong Chen Jia‐Chern Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):487-510
Abstract A closed‐loop anaerobic digestion system consisting of a leachbed (LB) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was tested as an alternative for the disposal of poultry mortalities. This paper compares the performances of three LB‐UASB treatment systems with different initial moisture contents in the LBs. Each LB was loaded with one chicken and 5, 10 or 18 liters of water. The LBs initially carried out the hydrolysis/acidification phase while the UASBs the methanogenesis phase. Due to repeated inoculation by the UASBs, the LBs with 10 and 18 liters of water started producing methane on day 5, while the one with 5 liters of water on day 19. However, methane production rates were low before day 40 for the LB with 10 liters of water and day 60 for the other LBs. Methane production gradually improved as the LBs continued to receive ungranulated sludge from the UASBs. The LBs eventually became balanced methane reactors. Continued balanced fermentation in the LBs resulted in leachates with very low substrate concentrations that could no longer support high‐rate methanogenesis in the UASBs. Consequently, methane production rates from the UASBs decreased quickly while that from the LBs reached peak levels. Cumulative methane production from each LB eventually exceeded that from its connecting UASB. After 118 days of digestion, 414, 437 and 470 liters of methane were produced from the three systems, respectively. Cumulative methane production from the LBs with 5 and 18 liters of water accounted for 63% of the total methane produced from their respective systems. The LB with 10 liters of water produced 75% of the total methane from that system. Methane yields ranged from 0.485 to 0.554 m3 (Kg TS) 1. About 86% of the initial dry weight was biodegraded. All three systems performed very well with little operational problems. Overall, the system that started with 10 liters of water in the LB performed the best. Strategy for enhancing system performances and implementing farm applications are discussed. 相似文献
757.
Zhang Yong Xiao Gang Wang Guanxing Zhou Tao Jiang Dawei 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(4):1376-1382
Medical waste management is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the present status of medical waste management in the light of medical waste control regulations in Nanjing. A comprehensive inspection survey was conducted for 15 hospitals, 3 disposal companies and 200 patients. Field visits and a questionnaire survey method were implemented to collect information regarding different medical waste management aspects, including medical waste generation, segregation and collection, storage, training and education, transportation, disposal, and public awareness.The results indicated that the medical waste generation rate ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 kg/bed day with a weighted average of 0.68 kg/bed day. The segregated collection of various types of medical waste has been conducted in 73% of the hospitals, but 20% of the hospitals still use unqualified staff for medical waste collection, and 93.3% of the hospitals have temporary storage areas. Additionally, 93.3% of the hospitals have provided training for staff; however, only 20% of the hospitals have ongoing training and education. It was found that the centralized disposal system has been constructed based on incineration technology, and the disposal cost of medical waste is about 580 US$/ton. The results also suggested that there is not sufficient public understanding of medical waste management, and 77% of respondents think medical waste management is an important factor in selecting hospital services.The problematic areas of medical waste management in Nanjing are addressed by proposing some recommendations that will ensure that potential health and environmental risks of medical waste are minimized. 相似文献
758.
20世纪90年代以来,区域差异研究成为学术界和政府管理者关注的热点领域。长期以来学者们主要以单一经济指标或复合经济指标作为衡量因子,分析区域经济差异时空演变及差异背后的自然、社会、经济驱动机理。从可持续发展的角度看,区域发展不单是区域经济的发展,而应是社会、经济与资源环境三方面的协调。基于这一理解,从可持续协调发展入手,建立了区域发展综合评价指标体系,选取了表征社会进步、经济发展和资源环境支持3个方面的27个因素作为评价指标,分析了区域综合发展的测算方法,提出了综合发展指数和发展协调指数。在案例分析中运用所设计的测度方法对江苏省内县级行政单位的综合发展进行了评价和分析。 相似文献
759.
马庄山金矿区位于星星峡一卡瓦布拉克地块、古生代岛弧东段北侧活动大陆边缘,有多种火山宕、次火山岩和侵入岩,而与金矿成矿关系最为密切的是海西中、晚期次火山岩。该矿区次火山岩有花岗闪长斑岩、石英斑岩、花岗斑岩、隐爆角砾岩(简称花岗质岩)和辉绿岩。因此,在区域地质背景和矿区地质特征分析基础上,着重对次火山岩及其地球化学特征进行系统研究,结果认为.该矿区花岗质岩为高硅富钾贫铝钙碱性同熔(1)型花岗岩类,岩浆源区来自中下地壳;辉绿岩则为富钠碱性正常型基性岩类,岩浆源区来自下地壳。前者含Co、Pb、Zn、Sn、As、Bi、W、Mo、An、Ag、Tc等元素较高,有重要找矿前景;后者含Ba、Pb、Zn、Tl、As、Bi、Au、Ag、Tc等元素较高,也可为成矿提供物源。这些认识,对该区次火山岩特征、性质、成矿关系和构造背景,以及进一步找矿都有重要理论和实践指导意义。 相似文献
760.
Fang Qinhua Zhang Luoping Hong Huasheng Chen Weiqi Jiang Yuwu Chen Bin 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(3):45-50
Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA. 相似文献