Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (R_max) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

考虑非达西渗流的天然结构性软土大应变非线性固结

天然软黏土的结构特性、大应变特性及低水力坡降下软黏土中的非达西渗流已渐被熟知。但同时考虑天然软黏土结构特性和非达西渗流的软黏土大应变固结理论仍鲜有报道。考虑非达西渗流和天然软黏土的结构特性对固结性状的影响,在拉格朗日坐标系中建立变荷载下软土一维大应变固结模型,并获得其有限差分数值解。在此基础上,与非达西定律下不考虑结构特性影响的软黏土大应变固结解对比,分析验证本文解的可靠性。最后,着重分析了非达西渗流、天然软土结构特性及外荷载对软黏土大、小应变固结性状影响的特征。结果表明:非达西渗流下土的固结速率相对于达西渗流延后,且非达西渗流参数越大固结速率延缓越明显,但其对土层最终沉降值无影响。相同非达西渗流参数下大应变固结速率快于小应变固结速率,但非达西渗流参数并不影响大、小应变固结速率的差异。当外荷载小于天然软黏土结构屈服应力时,土层在荷载作用下应变值较小,大、小应变固结速率的差异可忽略;随着外荷载的增加或结构屈服压力的减小,土层应变值逐渐增大,大、小应变固结速率的差异越明显。     

一种复合绝缘子爬电距离测量工具的研制与应用

复合绝缘子在高压输电线路中主要起到支持、固定和绝缘作用,其爬电距离是复合绝缘子检测的必测项目。由于复合绝缘子爬电距离测量存在困难,在传统测量方法的基础上,开发研制了一种复合绝缘子爬电距离测量工具,采用激光直线仪和手持测量仪相配合,进行复合绝缘子爬电距离的测量,并在实际应用中与传统方法相对比。结果表明:该套测量工具不仅解决了试验人员测量复合绝缘子爬电距离时工作量大、测量精度低的问题,而且能够实时显示测量结果,具有双向测量、暂停、停电记忆等功能,提高了测量工作的灵活性和可靠性,同时缩短了复合绝缘子爬电距离测量时间,提高了工作效率。     

330kV输电线路绝缘架空地线专用接地装置的设计与实现

针对330 kV超高压输电线路绝缘架空地线无专用接地线,设计一种串接电阻的新型接地装置,以避免当绝缘架空地线存在过大感应电压时因瞬间直接接地产生的电弧伤害。通过对某330 kV同塔双回输电线路不同情况下绝缘架空地线上产生的感应电压进行仿真分析,为新型接地装置的电气参数选取提供依据,同时详细设计了其机械结构。对新型接地装置进行了现场应用,验证了其相较于传统接地线具有的便携性及安全性优势。     

High photocatalytic removal of NO gas over SnO2 nanoparticles under solar light

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) with a diameter less than 10 nm are usually used in waste water treatment via the photocatalytic reaction. However,...     

Recycling sewage sludge into ceramic materials: A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of unwanted sewage sludge are generated in the process of wastewater treatment, calling for methods to recycle sewage sludges into value-added...     

Deep learning of grasping detection for a robot used in sorting construction and demolition waste

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The traditional construction and demolition waste (CDW) treatment process adopts the method of crushing and screening after mixing and combines the...