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131.
We developed a risk-based approach to assess how the valve closure behavior of Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea responds to waterborne copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). We reanalyzed the valve closure response data from published literature to reconstruct the response time-dependent dose-response profiles based on an empirical three-parameter Hill equation model. We integrated probabilistic exposure profiles of measured environmental Cu and Cd concentrations in the western coastal areas of Taiwan with the reconstructed dose-response relationships at different integration times of response to quantitatively estimate the valve response risk. The risk assessment results implicate exposure to waterborne Cu and Cd may pose no significant risk to clam valve activity in the short-time response periods (e.g., <30 min), yet a relative high risk for valve closure response to waterborne Cu at response times greater than 120 min is alarming. We successfully linked reconstructed dose-response profiles and EC50-time relationships associated with the fitted daily valve opening/closing rhythm characterized by a three-parameter lognormal function to predict the time-varying bivalve closure rhythm response to waterborne metals. We parameterized the proposed predictive model that should encourage a risk-management framework for discussion of future design of biological monitoring systems. 相似文献
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133.
Anaerobic degradation of diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from river sediment in Taiwan 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
We investigated anaerobic degradation rates for three phthalate esters (PAEs), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from river sediment in Taiwan. The respective anaerobic degradation rate constants for DEP, DBP, and DEHP were observed as 0.045, 0.074, and 0.027 1/day, with respective half-lives of 15.4, 9.4, and 25.7 days under optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Anaerobic degradation rates were enhanced by the addition of the surfactants brij 35 and triton N101 at a concentration of 1 critical micelle concentration (CMC), and by the addition of yeast extract. Degradation rates were inhibited by the addition of acetate, pyruvate, lactate, FeCl3, MnO2, NaCl, heavy metals, and nonylphenol. Our results indicate that methanogen, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAEs. 相似文献
134.
Probabilistic risk assessment of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta exposed to waterborne zinc
This paper describes a risk assessment approach that integrates predicted tissue concentrations of zinc (Zn) with a concentration-response relationship and leads to predictions of survival risk for pond abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta as well as to the uncertainties associated with these predictions. The models implemented include a probabilistic bioaccumulation model, which linking biokinetic and consumer-resource models, accounts for Zn exposure profile and a modified Hill model for reconstructing a dose-response profile for abalone exposed to waterborne Zn. The growth risk is assessed by hazard quotients characterized by measured water level and chronic no-observed effect concentration. Our risk analyses for H. diversicolor supertexta reared near Toucheng, Kouhu, and Anping, respectively, in north, central, and south Taiwan region indicate a relatively low likelihood that survival is being affected by waterborne Zn. Expected risks of mortality for abalone were estimated as 0.46 (Toucheng), 0.36 (Kouhu), and 0.29 (Anping). The predicted 90th-percentiles of hazard quotient for potential growth risk were estimated as 1.94 (Toucheng), 0.47 (Kouhu), and 0.51 (Anping). These findings indicate that waterborne Zn exposure poses no significant risk to pond abalone in Kouhu and Anping, yet a relative high growth risk in Toucheng is alarming. Because of a scarcity of toxicity and exposure data, the probabilistic risk assessment was based on very conservative assumptions. 相似文献
135.
Great efforts have been devoted to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 in the visible light region. Rational design of the external structure and adjustment of intrinsic electronic status by impurity doping are two main effective ways to achieve this purpose. A facile onepot synthetic approach was developed to prepare C-doped hollow TiO_2 spheres, which simultaneously realized these advantages. The synthesized TiO_2 exhibits a mesoporous hollow spherical structure composed of fine nanocrystals, leading to high specific surface area(~180 m~2/g) and versatile porous texture. Carbonate-doping was achieved by a postthermal treatment at a relatively low temperature(200°C), which makes the absorption edge red-shifted to the visible region of the solar spectrum. Concomitantly, Ti~(3+) induced by C-doping also functions in improving the visible-light photocatalytic activity by reducing the band gap. There exists a synergistic effect from multiple stimulatives to enhance the photocatalytic effect of the prepared TiO_2 catalyst. It is not out of expectation that the asprepared C-doped hollow TiO_2 spheres exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation in organic pollutant degradation. 相似文献
136.
采用一种新型的微波无极灯(MDEL)-芬顿法处理垃圾渗滤液生物反应出水中的难降解有机物,并与传统芬顿法和紫外光-芬顿法的处理效果进行对比。MDEL-芬顿工艺对难降解有机物有着更优异的去除效果:COD去除率更高,出水COD质量浓度低于100 mg/L;大多数有机物被转化为分子量小于1 000Da的小分子物质;在渗滤液生化处理出水中检测到的多环芳烃化合物,大部分可以被去除。MDEL-Fenton法可为渗滤液生化处理出水提供便捷的处理方法,使出水中难降解有机物浓度满足严格的排放标准。 相似文献
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138.
SWOT分析方法在城镇环境规划中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
可持续发展是当今世界的热点课题,城镇环境规划对于中国的城镇可持续发展和社会主义新农村建设具有重要的意义。然而现有的环境规划分析方法大多是对环境现状的直观描述和简单归纳总结,缺少定量的分析,因此。需要全新的分析方法的引入。本文运用综合评判法、矩阵分析、四半维平面坐标、强度梯度等数学手段,将SWOT分析方法引入环境规划领域,构成了一个适合于环境规划决策过程中应用的系统和定量模型。在此基础上,结合某城镇的环境规划实例,深入探讨了在城镇环境规划中如何引入SWOT分析这一重要方法,并成功得出了该镇环境规划的方向和对策,为其他城镇的可持续发展提供理论支持。 相似文献
139.
基于神经网络评估的密封点泄漏检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了运用神经网络评估方法对石化生产装置泄漏风险进行量化评估的主要程序:输入变量的选择、风险指标的确定及总风险评估指标的确定等。以某炼油厂柴油加氢精制装置的应用为例,说明该方法可以指导企业根据最终确定的风险等级制定泄漏检测计划,对高风险部位增加检测的频次,既能有效监控密封点的密封效果,又减少不必要的资源投入。 相似文献
140.
Idiosyncratic deals in contemporary organizations: A qualitative and meta‐analytical review
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Idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals) research focuses on the emergence of customized work arrangements employees negotiate with their employers. This article provides a critical review and synthesis of i‐deals research, combining a qualitative review of i‐deals theory and research with a supplementary meta‐analysis of 23 empirical studies (k = 27 samples, N = 8110 individuals). The qualitative review examines the conceptualization and measurement of i‐deals and identifies patterns and gaps in i‐deals research, while the quantitative meta‐analysis tests the moderating effect of societal cultures on the predictors and consequences of ideals investigated to date. In each section, attention is given to strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to i‐deals theory and research. Future research directions are identified with particular emphasis on the largely unexamined role of i‐deals from a multilevel perspective. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献