喷雾增湿塔用离心式雾化器的设计

在分析各种运行参数对雾化效果影响的基础上 ,介绍了喷雾增湿塔用离心式雾化器的选型与放大设计的方法。     

Decolorization of textile wastewater by photo-fenton oxidation technology

This paper describes the use of photo-fenton process for color removal from textile wastewater stream. The wastewater sample to be treated was simulated by using colorless polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and reactive dyestuff of R94H. As a result, the hydroxyl radical (HO*) oxidation can effectively remove color, but the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed in a slight degree. The color removal is markedly related with the amount of HO* formed. The optimum pH for both the OH* formation and color removal occurs at pH 3-5. Up to 96% of color can be removed within 30 min under the studied conditions. Due to the photoreduction of ferric ion into ferrous ion, color resurgence was observed after 30 min. The ferrous dosage and UV power affect the color removal in a positive way, however, the marginal benefit is less significant in the higher range of both. PVA as the major background COD of a textile wastewater stream inhibits the color removal insignificantly as its concentration increases.     

Dynamic mathematical model for biotransformation and mass transfer of livestock generated VOC-odor in a bioactive dust practice system

A multi-step mass transfer-biodegradation model is developed to describe the bioactive adsorber dynamics for the biotreatment of livestock generated odor causing VOCs (VOC-odor) based on a biologically active dust particle (BADP) process. The BADP process employs dust particles with adsorbat-acclimated microbial culture to form the bioactivated dust particles (BDP) for the simultaneously adsorption, mass transfer, and biodegradation of VOC-odor. The model incorporating age and size distributions of BDP considers the equilibrium partitioning of VOC-odor at BDP and bulk gas interface that followed by two kinetic processes occurring in the bulk and solid phases: bulk gas mass transfer-biodegradation and BDP biofilm diffusion-biodegradation. Analytical equations indicate that the overall biotransformation rate of VOC-odor in a BADP process is controlled by BDP-bulk gas equilibrium processes represented by the slowest of two kinetic processes determined by a dimensionless group: the Thiele modulus (phi 2), the Damkohler number (Da) and the Biot number (Bi). Computer simulations demonstrate that the most favorable performance of a BADP system in reducing VOC-odor concentrations is operated under Bi < 1, Da < 1, or Bi > 1 phi 2 < 1; indicating diffusion-biodegradation controlled. The dimensionless group can be used to identify the dominant rate-limiting processes and to evaluate the overall biomineralization rate in a BADP process. Simulation results allow the determination of preliminary design for prototype development.     

Anaerobic digestion of polyelectrolyte flocculated waste activated sludge

This work examined how adding one of three polyelectrolyte flocculants (T3052: cationic, T2000: non-ionic, and T1052: anionic) affected the anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge. Methane production, floc characteristics (morphology and zeta-potential) and process parameters (soluble chemical oxygen demands (SCODs) and reductive potentials) were monitored along the digestion tests. The digestion rates of T2000- and T1052-conditioned sludge resembled that for original sludge. The T3052-flocculated sludge generated methane at a higher rate during the first 6 days of digestion than did the original one. In the following stage, the digestion rate of sludge flocculated with T3052 at dosage exceeding 15 g/kg dried solids declined. For example, at 40 days of digestion the methane production amounts for original, 15 g/kg DS flocculated, and 40 g/kg flocculated sludge were of 136, 105, and 85 g/kg DS, respectively. The role of flocculants could change in different stages of digestion.The dosed polymers had no apparent toxicity to the inoculum used. The changes in SCOD, adenosintriphosphate concentrations, oxidative and reductive potential, and zeta-potentials did not correlate with the noted hindered digestion for T3052-conditioned sludge. Microphotographic observation revealed that the flocs of T3052-conditioned sludge were not only of a large size, but also were resistant to structural deterioration during digestion. Therefore, mass transfer resistance was proposed to account for the hindered digestion efficiency observed for T3052-conditioned sludge.     

Evaluation of PCDD/Fs patterns emitted from incinerator via direct ambient sampling and indirect serum levels assessment of Taiwanese

The aim of this study was to evaluate the PCDD/Fs patterns in ambient air based on data information emitted from incinerator generated from ambient air measurements and those in serum. Four circular zones, namely A, B, C, and D, were identified based on simulated ambient annual average PCDD/Fs concentrations, from a selected municipal waste incinerator. Sixteen ambient samples were taken from the 4 circular zones across 4-seasons. Eighty-nine volunteers were recruited according to the demographic distribution within each zone. PCDD/Fs profiles were documented both for air and serum samples collected. Comparing to the congener patterns from ambient air and serum samples, we found that OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were the predominant groups among 17 congeners from both the ambient air and serum sample. And, factor analysis showed the distribution patterns of PCDD/Fs from ambient air and serum samples are almost identical across different zones, except for congener patterns of serum samples from residents in zone C. In addition, the average PCDD/Fs level significantly reduced for about 10 folds than those of the other three seasons when the incinerator was shut down in one of sampling periods. We might conclude that ambient air exposure was the most important contributor to PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air but not the single in serum. Therefore, another or more powerful source, such as occupational exposure, dietary intake or the consumption of local food, should be further investigated at the same time.     

均匀设计法处理含硫废水的研究

对钠盐型和铵盐型含硫工业废水进行脱硫处理,采用均匀设计法设计试验,得到定量描述试验内在规律的多元非线性回归方程.用该回归方程计算的预测值与试验结果一致.对影响脱硫效果和脱硫效率的影响因素--絮凝剂投加量、pH以及废水含硫量进行了考察.利用回归方程,对反应体系进行了模拟优化处理.研究表明,在试验条件下,用聚合氯化铝作为絮凝剂、pH=7的条件下,采用两段工艺,可以使脱硫后废水含硫量降至40 mg/L以下,满足下游污水处理装置对含硫量的要求.     

活性炭纤维（ACF）电极法处理染料废水的探讨

根据Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ＾［１］［６］的原理，通过ＡＣＦ电极的引入，使得电化学处理成为一个自由基反应与絮凝反应相结合的过程，对于多种模拟印染废水可以具有良好的处理效果。通过与其他方法的对比实验，表明在色度去除率方面不比Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂法逊色，并明显优于絮凝法。经过单级处理，对于实验范围内的还原染料、酸性染料、活性染料及硫化染料，其脱色率全部大于９０％，大多数为９８     

厦门中华白海豚的重金属含量

对厦门港海域８只中华白海豚成体和幼仔体内的重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明，与鱼类和无脊上比，中华白海豚的重金属含量很高。成年的含量观于幼仔；肝的含量大大超过其他部位。中华白海豚的重金属含量高，与其它处于海洋食物链的的最顶级密切相关。     

生物膜填料床内废气净化的理论模型

介绍了废气生物净化技术的基本原理，并对废气生物净化技术中的生物过滤法和生物滴滤法的理论模型研究进展进行了综述，探讨了理有理论模型存在的主要问题。     

Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.