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101.
102.
Comparison between fractionation and bioavailability of trace elements in rhizosphere and bulk soils 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Rhizosphere is a microbiosphere and has quite different chemical, physical and biological properties from bulk soils. A greenhouse experiment was performed to compare the difference of fractionation and bioavailability of trace elements Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd between rhizosphere soil and bulk soil. In the meantime, the influence of air-drying on the fractionation and bioavailability was also investigated by using wet soil sample as a control. Soils in a homemade rhizobox were divided into four zones: rhizosphere, near rhizosphere, near bulk soil and bulk soil zones, which was designated as S1, S2, S3 and S4. Elemental speciations were fractionated to water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound (B1), Fe-Mn oxide bound (B2), and organic and sulfide bound (B3) by a sequential extraction procedure. Speciation differences were observed for elements Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, and between the air-dried and wet soils as well. The concentrations of all six heavy metals in fraction B1 followed the order of S2 > S3 > S1 > S4 and for B2, the order was S2 > S3 S4 > S1. For B3, the order was S1 > S3 S4 > S2, while for Cd the order was S2 > S3 approximately/= S4 > S1. The air-drying increased elemental concentration in fractions B1 and B2 by 20-50% and decreased in fraction B3 by about 20-100%. Correlation analysis also indicated that the bioavailability correlation coefficient of fraction B1 in rhizosphere wet soil to plants was better than that between either air-dried or nonrhizosphere soils. Therefore, application of rhizosphere wet soils should be recommended in the future study on the speciation analysis of trace elements in soils and bioavailability. 相似文献
103.
混凝-IBAC深度处理焦化废水的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
以哈尔滨某气化厂焦化废水为目标,探讨混凝-固定化生物活性炭(IBAC)工艺对哈尔滨气化厂焦化废水进行深度处理的净化效能及其可行性.采用筛选、驯化的脱酚菌,对活性炭(GAC)进行固定,使之形成固定化生物活性炭.当该工艺进水COD<800 mg/L时,出水COD在100 mg/L以下,平均去除率在80%左右;当进水总酚在200 mg/L以下时,出水的总酚含量基本在20 mg/L以下;当进水氨氮浓度在75 mg/L以下时,出水氨氮浓度在25 mg/L以下.焦化废水中各污染物指标经混凝-IBAC工艺深度处理后可达污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准. 相似文献
104.
采用反硝化菌对烟气中Hg~0、Hg~(2+)的吸附特性进行研究,反硝化菌对Hg~0和Hg~(2+)吸附性能良好,在pH为8、初始Hg~0(Hg~(2+))浓度为95.7μg·m-3(0.4μg·L-1)和吸附剂用量为0.35 g·L-1时,Hg~0和Hg~(2+)的吸附效率分别达到43.01%和98.12%.反硝化菌吸附Hg~0的过程遵循拟一级动力学,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为126.1μg·g-1.反硝化菌吸附Hg~(2+)遵循拟二级动力学模型,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为36.23μg·g-1.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热场发射环境扫描电镜-能谱电子背散射衍射系统(EDS)表征吸附前后的反硝化菌,结果表明吸附过程中细菌表面的糖环、磷酸及脂肪化合物基团发挥了吸附汞作用. 相似文献
105.
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107.
污泥资源化是污泥处置的发展趋势,以脱水污泥为主料,添加适量粉煤灰和粘土,制备生物膜载体填料是实验研究的主要内容。实验表明,污泥使用量为70%、粉煤灰和粘土各15%时,烧成温度为1000±25℃、保温时间为40min,烧制的填料抗压强度能达到25mpa、吸水率17%;用于药厂废水处理测试,在常温下的化学需氧量(CODCr)的平均去除率为74.0%、悬浮物(SS)的去除率为54.1%。使用扫描电镜、显微镜像检测,分析了填料烧制中孔隙形成机理、填料外貌、表面微孔结构等。实验表明,以污泥代替天然原料,在一定条件下可以烧制成填料,并能用作污水处理中生物膜载体。 相似文献
108.
109.
Guobin Shan Rao Y. Surampalli Rajeshwar D. Tyagi Tian C. Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(3):249-264
Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural
wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering,
emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food
systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater
remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water
pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio.
They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific
surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they
reduce the amount of material needed. 相似文献
110.
QIN Xiaofei XIA Xijuan LI Yan ZHAO Yaxian YANG Zhongzhi FU Shan TIAN Mi ZHAO Xingru QIN Zhanfen XU Xiaobai YANG Yongjian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(12)
To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept into net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied in this e-wastes recycling site, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches. 相似文献