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341.
Li  Hui  Lu  Jun  Li  Qu-Sheng  He  Bao-Yan  Mei  Xiu-Qin  Yu  Dan-Ping  Xu  Zhi-Min  Guo  Shi-Hong  Chen  Hui-Jun 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(1):99-110
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Leaching experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of desalination levels and sediment depths on potential bioavailability of heavy metal (Cd,...  相似文献   
342.
    
•Bacterial concentrations from eight stages were 104–105copies/m3. •Diameter influenced clustering of bacterial and HPB lineages. •Dg of 8 HPB ranged from 2.42 to 5.09 μm in composting areas. •Dg of 8 HPB ranged from 3.70 to 8.96 μm in packaging areas. •HPB had high concentrations and small sizes in composting areas. Composting plants are regarded as one of the important sources of environmental bioaerosols. However, limitations in the size distribution of airborne bacteria have prevented our comprehensive understanding of their risk to human health and their dispersal behavior. In this study, different sizes of airborne bacteria were collected using an eight-stage impactor from a full-scale composting facility. Size-related abundance and communities of airborne bacteria as well as human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with droplet digital PCR. Our results indicate that the bacterial concentrations from the eight stages were approximately 104–105copies/m3. Although no statistical correlation was detected between the particle size and the Shannon index, the influence of size on bacterial lineages was observed in both composting and packaging areas. For airborne bacteria from different stages, the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant genera was Bacillus. Seven out of eight HPB with a small geometric mean aerodynamic diameter had a high concentration in composting areas. Based on diameters of 2.42 to 5.09 μm, most HPB in the composting areas were expected to be deposited on the bronchus and secondary bronchus. However, in the packaging areas, the deposition of HPB (diameters 3.70 to 8.96 μm) occurred in the upper part of the respiratory tract. Our results on the size distribution, abundance, and diversity of these bacteria offer important information for the systematic evaluation of bacterial pathogenicity and the potential health impacts on workers in composting plants and the surrounding residents.  相似文献   
343.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The aim of this research is to investigate the interception effect of heavy metals, such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)...  相似文献   
344.
对塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾的处理现状和主要构成进行调查后,结合所在城市生活垃圾的处理方式,提出库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾\"分类收集与回收利用\"的途径,分析了实施中可能存在的问题,探讨了具体的对策,强调要从加强环保宣传、明确管理部门责任、完善回收设施、采用半市场化处理的对策思路。  相似文献   
345.
近年来,由微生物产生的胞外聚合物（Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS）对重金属废水的处理技术引起了人们的关注.本研究采用Pb（Ⅱ）胁迫培养恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida,P. putida）,定向调控EPS的化学组成,增加EPS产量,并提高EPS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附性能.结果表明,Pb（Ⅱ）胁迫浓度为10 mg·L-1时,P. putida EPS产量最高,达到131.55 mg·g-1（以VSS计,下同）,较胁迫前增加25.35%;其中,蛋白质含量显著增加,达到87.01 mg·g-1,较胁迫前增加35.15%.在此条件下,EPS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附量也达到最大,为1372.95 mg·g-1.3D-EEM、FTIR结果表明,胁迫后EPS中氨基酸和蛋白质类物质及C=O、N—H、—COO—、C—N、—OH等负电性官能团增加.进一步实验结果表明,吸附实验最佳pH为6.0,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Freundlich等温模型.胁迫后P. putida EPS对Pb（Ⅱ）的理论吸附容量为1452.59 mg·g-1,较胁迫前提高74...  相似文献   
346.
    
In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs.  相似文献   
347.
    
Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.  相似文献   
348.
    
Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areasof China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods oftendo not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technologyfor phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China wereinvestigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductivelycoupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Threeprimary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidicsoils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mgoccurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuirand Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorusremoval potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) wasthe major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulationshowed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.  相似文献   
349.
    
The CO2 concentration of flue gas from a natural‐gas‐fired power plant is only about 50% of that from a coal‐fired plant. In contrast, the O2 concentration is more than double, which makes it more difficult to capture CO2 from the former source. China Huaneng Group, which is the largest power generation company in the world, has demonstrated post‐combustion CO2 capture (PCC) in two coal‐fired plants at a scale of 3 kt/y and 120 kt/y, and has now developed the capture technology for gas‐fired power plants for the first time in China. A 100 kg/h CO2 capture pilot plant from natural‐gas‐fired flue gas has been built and the technology verification program has been conducted continuously for 4000 h. In this work, a novel PCC system with mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) was introduced, and the secondary pollutants from the absorber, material corrosion, solvent loss, and energy penalty during the verification test were investigated. From the aspect of pollutants control of the tail gas from the absorber, the volatile solvent content is less than 0.17 ppm, and total nitrosamine is less than 3 μg/Nm3. Compared with the traditional regeneration mode of steam, the energy penalty can be reduced by 10%∼15% by using the novel Steam‐Flash‐MVR system. This indicates that the system and process is technically feasible for CO2 capture from natural gas power plant, the solvent used is robust and reliable in long‐time operation with a low corrosion and degradation rate. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   
350.
南岭山地是长江流域与珠江流域的分水岭。绵延断续的越城、都庞、萌诸、骑田、大庚五岭山脉,由西而东横贯粤、桂、湘、赣接壤地带,是一个比较完整的自然地理单元。这里自古就是我国南北交通要冲,区际经济联系比较紧密。由于南岭地处中亚热带南缘并具有向南亚热带过渡的特征,地质构造复杂,成矿作用广泛,因而可提供的生物资源丰富多采,地下矿藏极为富集。这两大优势资源,成为发展工业的雄厚物质基础。但是,与区内自然资源的丰度,以及地区经济发展的要求相比,工业规模还不相适应。探讨南岭地区工业发  相似文献   
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