浅谈青岛市雨水径流污染与控制措施

随着城市化的发展,水资源的污染和匮乏已经成为人们普遍关注的问题,而由此引出的对雨水径流污染的研究和控制也已不是新鲜话题。尤其对于将要承办2008年奥运会水上项目的青岛来说雨水的意义尤为重要。在对青岛市雨水水质实地调查后,结合国内外雨水研究的先进经验,对青岛市今后的雨水污染控制和利用提出了一些建议和意见。     

着装舒适性的新热感指数

以Fanger等人建立的预告平均票数（PMV）、温斯洛提出的不舒服皮肤湿度指教（DISC）和有效温度指数（ET★）为基础。阐述了A.P．Gaggcr等人建立的人体对衣内热环境反应的新标准预测指数PMV＊。在此基础上。详尽分析了与人体舒适性密切相关的温度指标和感觉指标。同时也对原预告平均票数（PMV）与新的预告平均票数（PMV★）进行了深入细致的比较，探讨了PMV★及新的舒适一温度图的适用性。     

单线铁路的天窗开设与运输组织问题研究

铁路天窗的开设属于运输组织的重要部分.采用大型养路机械开设综合维修天窗已成为铁路设备养护维修作业的主要发展趋势.综合维修天窗是铁路线路、供电、信号等部门为生产设备大、中修及维修施工作业等在列车运行图中规定的时间段.在运能紧张的单线铁路上,如何安排这个时间段来协调运输与施工之间的矛盾,是值得深入研究的问题.通过分析单线铁路的运输组织特点,天窗开设方式对线路通过能力的影响及合理"天窗"时间的设置,得出单线铁路在现行运输组织方案下开设180min夜间垂直天窗进行施工是合理的.     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理针织染整废水

介绍了采用水解-接触氧化工艺处理针织染整废水,工程运行结果表明：CODcr和色度的去除率分别达到91.3%、88%,最终排放污水达到国家污水Ⅰ级标准.该工艺具有处理效果好、经济、运行稳定等特点,在染整废水处理中具有实用性.     

P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)共聚物的合成及其絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAM)为单体,采用水溶液自由基胶束共聚合法合成了疏水缔合阳离子型共聚物P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM),并对其进行了红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。实验结果表明:在P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)加入量为14 mg/L、絮凝温度为30~60℃、硅藻土悬浊液pH为8~11时,P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)对硅藻土悬浊液的絮凝效果最好,上清液透光率高达97.5%。     

Copper leaching of MSWI bottom ash co-disposed with refuse: Effect of short-term accelerated weathering

Co-disposal of refuse with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (IBA) either multi-layered as landfill cover or mixed with refuse could pose additional risk to the environment because of enhanced leaching of heavy metals, especially Cu. This study applied short-term accelerated weathering to IBA, and monitored the mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process. Cu extractability of the weathered IBA was then evaluated using standard leaching protocols (i.e. SPLP and TCLP) and co-disposal leaching procedure. The results showed that weathering had little or no beneficial effect on Cu leaching in SPLP and TCLP, which can be explained by the adsorption and complexation of Cu with DOM. However, the Cu leaching of weathered IBA was reduced significantly when situated in fresh simulated landfill leachate. This was attributed to weakening Cu complexation with fulvic acid or hydrophilic fractions and/or intensifying Cu absorption to neoformed hydr(oxide) minerals in weathered IBA. The amount of total leaching Cu and Cu in free or labile complex fraction (the fraction with the highest mobility and bio-toxicity) of the 408-h weathered IBA were remarkably decreased by 86.3% and 97.6% in the 15-day co-disposal leaching test. Accelerated weathering of IBA may be an effective pretreatment method to decrease Cu leaching prior to its co-disposal with refuse.     

非离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和烷基酚聚醚（APAP）为单体,采用反相乳液聚合法制备了流动性好的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂（PAM-APAP）。考察了乳化剂和引发剂的种类、单体总质量分数、单体配比和反应温度等因素对聚合反应的影响。实验结果表明,制备PAM-APAP的最佳工艺条件为：单体总质量分数35%、m（AM）∶m（APAP）=9.0∶1.0、Span80+Tween80复配乳化剂加入量为油水总质量的7%、m（Span80）∶m（Tween80）=7.0∶1.5、V50加入量为单体总质量的1.5‰、反应温度50℃。PAM-APAP具有较好的絮凝效果,与其他絮凝剂相比用量较少,在加入量为100mg/L时,对聚合物驱油中产生的含聚合物污水的浊度去除率为87.9%,去油率为89.5%,且絮体不黏壁。     

Assessing Sediment Yield for Selected Watersheds in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin Under Future Agricultural Scenarios

In the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB), corn acreage has been expanding since 2005 in response to high demand for corn as an ethanol feedstock. This study integrated remote sensing-derived products and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a geographic information system (GIS) modeling environment to assess the impacts of cropland change on sediment yield within four selected watersheds in the GLB. The SWAT models were calibrated during a 6 year period (2000–2005), and predicted stream flows were validated. The R ² values were 0.76, 0.80, 0.72, and 0.81 for the St. Joseph River, the St. Mary River, the Peshtigo River, and the Cattaraugus Creek watersheds, respectively. The corresponding E (Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) values ranged from 0.24 to 0.79. The average annual sediment yields (tons/ha/year) ranged from 0.12 to 4.44 for the baseline (2000 to 2008) condition. Sediment yields were predicted to increase for possible future cropland change scenarios. The first scenario was to convert all “other” agricultural row crop types (i.e., sorghum) to corn fields and switch the current/baseline crop rotation into continuous corn. The average annual sediment yields increased 7–42 % for different watersheds. The second scenario was to further expand the corn planting to hay/pasture fields. The average annual sediment yields increased 33–127 % compared with baseline conditions.     

喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应器的数学模拟

研制了一种由内外圈构成的喷淋环栅式除尘脱硫反应装置,气、液两相在内外圈之间通向运动,紊流冲激环栅时接触传质。基于溶质渗透理论,提出了以内塔穿孔速率V,液气比L/G,吸收浆液pH值为参数的脱硫效率模型。对比某电厂工况条件下测得的一系列实验数据,显示出该模型与实际情况具有良好的一致性,表明该模型可以用来作为工程设计、最优化技术和推测工业数据的理论参考工具。     

溴氯海因的爆炸性、氧化性及腐蚀性试验观察

为了解溴氯海因的爆炸、氧化及腐蚀危险性,进行了克南试验、时间/压力试验、固体氧化性试验及腐蚀性试验。结果表明,溴氯海因只具有氧化性和腐蚀性,不具有爆炸性。