一种测定活性污泥中高等微生物活性的方法

采用机械破碎方式灭活活性污泥中高等微生物,并通过测定破碎前后泥样耗氧速率(OUR)之差别间接计算高等微生物的活性作用.实验结果表明,以分散机破碎活性污泥,高等微生物均可被有效地破碎灭活,且再培养138h后不再恢复.与此同时,对酵母菌破碎实验显示,机械破碎并未对其数量、形态以及活性产生太大影响,这表明机械破碎亦不会对个体尺寸比酵母菌更小的细菌构成任何影响.为使破碎前后活性污泥絮凝体形态基本一致,将破碎后的泥样经离心处理,以尽可能使絮凝体恢复如初(以SVI衡量).通过比较破碎前后泥样的OUR并计算可知,高等微生物活性相对于活性污泥总活性约占12%～14%.     

侧流化学磷回收强化生物除磷的模拟预测与试验验证

为了强化污水中生物除磷作用,本研究通过模拟预测与实验室试验验证了厌氧上清液侧流化学磷沉淀与回收对强化生物除磷的促进作用.模拟预测与试验结果表明,在进水COD/P=37.5工况下,当侧流比增加至30%时,通过化学磷沉淀（调节pH＞9.0）可使出水中TP浓度从碳源抑制时的＜6.0 mg·L-1（以P计）下降至≤1.0 mg·L-1（以P计）,同时可回收进水中P负荷的64%.经验证与校正后的TUD数学模型模拟预测有着与试验结果近乎一致的效果.因此,数学模拟技术完全有可能取代中间试验过程而直接将小试结果放大至工程应用.     

西部管道工程HSE一体化绩效管理应用研究

分析了我国管道工程项目HSE绩效管理存在问题,运用绩效管理理论,结合“PMT（业主）＋PMC（监理）＋EPC（施工总承包方）”一体化模式及西部管道工程,阐述了HSE一体化绩效管理体系的建立及应用情况。     

改性兰炭末对硝基苯生产废水的吸附处理

采用H_2O_2溶液对兰炭末进行改性,并将改性后的兰炭末用于硝基苯生产废水(COD为560 mg/L)的吸附处理。对改性前后的兰炭末进行了表征,考察了吸附效果的影响因素,并对吸附前后改性兰炭末的燃烧热进行了测定。表征结果显示,兰炭末经改性后比表面积和孔径均增大。实验结果表明:在改性兰炭末投加量为0.2 g/m L、吸附时间为180 min、吸附温度为30℃的条件下,废水的COD去除率为93.4%,处理出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中规定的排放标准;改性兰炭末对废水中COD的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型;吸附后的改性兰炭末燃烧热值增大。     

Study of nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry

Experiments were conducted using a bubbling reactor to investigate nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry. The effects of CaSO₃ concentration, NO₂/NO mole ratio and O₂ concentrations on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies were investigated. Five types of additives, including MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, FeSO₄, MgSO₄/Na₂SO₄ and FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄, had been evaluated for enhancing NO₂ absorption in CaSO₃ slurry. Results showed that CaSO₃ concentration had significant impact on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies, and the highest absorption efficiencies of SO₂ and NO₂ could reach about 99.5 and 75.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, the NO₂ absorption was closely related to the NO₂/NO mole ratio, and the existence of NO₂ in flue gas may promote NO absorption. The presence of O₂ in simulated flue gas was disadvantage for NO _x removal because it can oxidize sulfite to sulfate. It was worth pointing out that FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄ was the best additive among those investigated additives, as the NO₂ removal efficiency was significantly increased from 74.8 to 95.0 %. IC and in situ FTIR results suggest that the main products were NO₃ ^? and NO₂ ^? in liquid phase and N₂O, N₂O₅ and HNO₃ in gas phase during the CaSO₃ absorption process.     

一维碳纳米管与金属氧化物材料研究

一维纳米结构是最吸引人的功能材料而被广泛关注.一维形态可以很容易地提高纳米结构的独特性能,使它们适合各种各样的应用程序,包括气体传感器、电致变色的设备、发光二极管、场发射器、超级电容器和纳米发电机.因此,目前已合成多种一维纳米结构形式的纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管、纳米带等.本文主要介绍了一维碳纳米管与金属氧化物的性质与研究现状,探讨两种材料的优缺点以期进行互补修饰合成新型复合材料.     

Bacterial communities in different locations, seasons and segments of a dairy wastewater treatment system consisting of six segments

A dairy wastewater treatment system composed of the 1st segment (no aeration) equipped with a facility for the destruction of milk fat particles, four successive aerobic treatment segments with activated sludge and a final sludge settlement segment was developed. The activated sludge is circulated through the six segments by settling sediments (activated sludge) in the 6th segment and sending the sediments beck to the 1st and 2nd segments. Microbiota was examined using samples from the non-aerated 1st and aerated 2nd segments obtained from two farms using the same system in summer or winter. Principal component analysis showed that the change in microbiota from the 1st to 2nd segments concomitant with effective wastewater treatment is affected by the concentrations of activated sludge and organic matter (biological oxygen demand [BOD]), and dissolved oxygen (DO) content. Microbiota from five segments (1st and four successive aerobic segments) in one location was also examined. Although the activated sludge is circulating throughout all the segments, microbiota fluctuation was observed. The observed successive changes in microbiota reflected the changes in the concentrations of organic matter and other physicochemical conditions (such as DO), suggesting that the microbiota is flexibly changeable depending on the environmental condition in the segments. The genera Dechloromonas, Zoogloea and Leptothrix are frequently observed in this wastewater treatment system throughout the analyses of microbiota in this study.     

南宁市区交通环境空气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征分析研究

含碳颗粒物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对人体健康产生很大的威胁.分别于2012年夏季及2013年冬季在南宁市选取六条主要交通干道采集了PM10、PM2.5样品,分析测定了其中的碳组分.结果表明,碳组分浓度季节变化明显.碳组分在细颗粒物中占有比重比在可吸入颗粒物中大.存在二次有机碳污染.对8种碳组分丰度分析说明南宁市大气颗粒物中碳组分的主要来源是燃煤、机动车尾气及生物质样品燃烧.     

溴氯海因的爆炸性、氧化性及腐蚀性试验观察

为了解溴氯海因的爆炸、氧化及腐蚀危险性,进行了克南试验、时间/压力试验、固体氧化性试验及腐蚀性试验。结果表明,溴氯海因只具有氧化性和腐蚀性,不具有爆炸性。     

粉煤灰-SBR处理染料废水特性研究

对粉煤灰-SBR处理染料废水的特性进行了试验研究,分别考察泥龄、冲水比、温度及冲击负荷对处理效果的影响,寻找合适的运行参数。试验结果表明:泥龄影响出水水质,最佳泥龄为20d;充水比λ越小废水处理效果越好,适宜的充水比为0.5~0.55;温度低于25℃时,随着温度的降低处理效果变差,试验在保证出水水质的情况下,最低运行温度为18℃;通过改变进水的水质发现,粉煤灰-SBR抗冲击能力较强,系统运行比较稳定。