Vertical distributions of wintertime atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and the corresponding OH radicals production in Leshan, southwest China

Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were operated from 02 to 21 December 2018 in Leshan, southwest China, to measure HONO, NO₂ and aerosol extinction vertical distributions, and these were the first MAX-DOAS measurement results in Sichuan Basin. During the measurement period, characteristic ranges for surface concentration were found to be 0.26–4.58 km^?1 and averaged at 0.93 km^?1 for aerosol extinction, 0.49 to 35.2 ppb and averaged at 4.57 ppb for NO₂ and 0.03 to 7.38 ppb and averaged at 1.05 ppb for HONO. Moreover, vertical profiles of aerosol, NO₂ and HONO were retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements using the Heidelberg Profile (HEIPRO) algorithm. By analysing the vertical gradients of pollutants and meteorological information, we found that aerosol and HONO are strongly localised, while NO₂ is mainly transmitted from the north direction (city center direction). Nitrogen oxides such as HONO and NO₂ are important for the production of hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidative capacity in the troposphere. In this study, the averaged value of OH production rate from HONO is about 0.63 ppb/hr and maximum value of ratio between OH production from HONO and from (HONO+O₃) is > 93% before12:00 in Leshan. In addition, combustion emission contributes to 26% for the source of HONO in Leshan, and we found that more NO₂ being converted to HONO under the conditions with high aerosol extinction coefficient and high relative humidity is also a dominant factor for the secondary produce of HONO.     

CO_2驱油开采区生态监测的空间信息图谱方法

提出了一套针对CO2驱油开采区生态监测的空间信息图谱方法。在分析生态监测任务的基础上,给出了图谱数据组织模型和生态监测方法。山东某油田生态监测实例项目应用结果表明,此方法能够有效组织数据并从中发掘生态信息,长期连续监测可以实现CO2逸散风险诊断和生态影响评估的目的。     

MEHP induces pyroptosis and autophagy alternation by cathepsin B activation in INS-1 cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a primary metabolite of di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the organism, which is a major component of...     

劳动安全保护工作现存若干问题和改进意见

本文对劳动安全保护工作现存的问题进行了讨论和分析,在此基础上,对这些问题的有效解决提出了建议。     

Open space index: a GIS-based tool for assessing human penetration of a landscape

In light of the rapid and continuous growth of the built environment worldwide and its attendant ecological impact, increasing the size and distribution of open space in urban areas is recognised as one effective way to reconcile the social and ecological objectives of society. However, there is no simple and objective indicator to measure open space that can be used for creating and maintaining sustainable landscapes. The paper introduces a metric, open space index (OSI), that measures the amount of space unpenetrated by the built environment. The metric is calculated by measuring the shortest distance between any location and the nearest built environment using a Geographic Information System. The metric is illustrated using two counties of the greater Twin Cities Metropolitan Region of Minnesota. The sensitivity of OSI to the size, shape, and spatial configuration of the built environment suggests that the metric can serve as an important planning tool for reconciling conservation and development in a wide range of contexts.     

不干胶废弃物热解焦燃烧特性

采用非等温热重分析和固定床热解实验研究了不干胶废弃物热解焦生成特性及热解焦燃烧特性,并计算了不同升温速率下热解焦的燃烧动力学参数。结果表明,不干胶废弃物热解焦产率随温度升高而逐渐降低,当热解终温在400~700℃时,热解焦产率在34.64%~22.03%之间;空气气氛下热解焦燃烧过程包括3个阶段:挥发分燃烧阶段(390~600℃)、混合燃烧阶段(390~600℃)和残炭燃烧与矿物分解阶段(650℃);升温速率对热解焦燃烧效果作用明显,升温速率越大,燃烧特性指数越高,燃烧稳定性越好;热解焦燃烧过程可以通过3个一级反应描述,当升温速率为40℃/min时热解焦燃烧各阶段表观活化能明显降低,表明升温速率提高有助于热解焦的燃烧反应活性,更有利于燃烧反应的进行。     

不干胶废弃物热重分析

为了探索不干胶类包装废弃物的热解特性,采用热重分析手段分析了不同升温速率条件下不干胶类废弃物的失重特点,并且采用Ozawa法和KAS法比较分析不同转化率条件下的表观活化能分布.热重分析结果表明,不干胶类废弃物的热解主要分为3个阶段:第1阶段(室温～ 200℃)为不干胶类废弃物的干燥阶段,第2阶段(200 ～ 590℃)为热解的主要阶段,第3阶段(590 ～800℃)为热解半焦的深度热解阶段.升温速率对热解失重率有重要影响,Ozawa法和KAS法计算结果表明,2种方法计算的热解活化能比较接近,Ozawa法得到的活化能为349.9 kJ/mol,KAS法得到的活化能为336.9kJ/mol;并且不干胶类废弃物的热解表观活化能呈现出阶段性分布.     

溶藻细菌HSY-03对赤潮异弯藻抗氧化系统的影响

为研究溶藻细菌HSY-03(Bacillus sp.)对赤潮异弯藻的溶藻机制,采用不同浓度HSY-03无菌上清液处理赤潮异弯藻藻细胞,测定藻细胞光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光效率、细胞内部活性氧(ROS)水平和抗氧化系统活性变化.结果表明,HSY-03无菌上清液作用24 h之后,赤潮异弯藻叶绿素a含量、类胡萝卜素含量和最大光...     

Performance and efficiency of old newspaper deinking by combining cellulase/hemicellulase with laccase-violuric acid system

Performance and efficiency of old newspaper (ONP) deinking by combining cellulase/hemicellulase with laccase-violuric acid system (LVS) were investigated in this study. Brightness, effective residual ink concentration (ERIC) and physical properties were evaluated for the deinked pulp. Fiber length, coarseness, specific surface area and specific volume were also tested. The changes of dissolved lignin during the deinking processes were measured with UV spectroscopy. The fiber morphology was observed with environmental scanning electronic microscopy (ESEM). Experimental results showed that, compared to the pulp deinked with each individual enzyme, ERIC was lower for the cellulase/hemicellulase-LVS-deinked pulp. This indicated that a synergy existed in ONP deinking using a combination of enzymes. After being bleached by H₂O₂, enzyme-combining deinked pulp gave higher brightness and better strength properties. Compared with individual enzyme deinked pulp, average fiber length and coarseness decreased a little for the enzyme-combining deinked pulps. A higher specific surface area and specific volume of the pulp fibers were achieved. UV analysis proved that more lignin was released during the enzyme-combining deinking process. ESEM images showed that more fibrillation was observed on the fiber surface due to synergistic treatment.