QSPR study on soil sorption coefficient for persistent organic pollutants

Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models of soil sorption coefficients for 32 persistent organic pollutants were constructed using our recently introduced Lu index and novel distance-based atom-type DAI topological indices. Using multiple linear regression technique, a 6-variable model was obtained with the correlation coefficient of estimations (R) being 0.95, and the standard error of estimations (s) being 0.23, and the correlation coefficient (R(cv)) and the standard error (s(cv)) in the leave-4-out cross-validation procedure are 0.90 and 0.31, respectively. The results in this study indicate that soil sorption coefficients of POPs are dominated by molecular size while some DAI indices have smaller influence.     

The veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline and Cu influence functional diversity of the soil microbial community

There are increasing concerns over the effects of veterinary antibiotics and heavy metals in agricultural soils. The widely used veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC), Cu and their combination on soil microbial community function were assessed with the Biolog method. The microbial community was extracted from the soil and exposed to a 0.85% sodium chloride solution containing OTC (0, 1, 5, 11, 43, 109 and 217 microM), or Cu (0, 10, 20, 100 and 300 microM), or combination of the two pollutants (OTC 0, 5, 11 microM and Cu 0, 20 microM). Functional diversity, evenness, average well color development (AWCD) and substrate utilization decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of OTC or Cu (p < 0.005). The critical concentrations were 11 microM for OTC and 20 microM for Cu. The combination of OTC and Cu significantly decreased Shannon's diversity, evenness and utilization of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids compared to individual one of the contaminants. The antibiotic OTC and Cu had significant negative effects on soil microbial community function, particularly when both pollutants were present.     

江苏省农业比较优势格局及与周边省市比较分析

:将江苏省置于长江中下游种植区内 ,运用国内资源成本系数DRCC(DomesticResourcesCostCoefficient)和RDRCC(RatioDomesticResourcescostCoefficients)指标考察了江苏省与周边省市 (包括上海、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北和湖南 )农业生产比较优势的差异 ,从而全面地认识了相对于长江中下游种植区六省市江苏省农业生产的比较优势格局。根据分析 ,与周边地区相比 ,江苏省秋收作物粳稻、大豆 ,夏收作物油菜籽、棉花和早籼稻 ,常年生作物茶叶生产都具有不同程度的相对比较优势 ,可考虑通过适当的政策将资源导向这些产品的生产上 ;同时重点压缩小麦、中籼稻、玉米、花生、烤烟等不具相对比较优势产品的生产。此外 ,江苏桑蚕茧可考虑稳定现有的生产 ,而苹果生产可适当调减。主要饲养业产品中 ,蛋鸡、肉鸡和淡水鱼具有相对比较优势 ,其饲养总量可以考虑进一步扩大 ,相反 ,生猪和菜羊不具相对比较优势 ,饲养规模应适当压缩。而江苏奶牛饲养总规模可考虑稳定 ,并适当扩大国营集体饲养的规模     

火炬系统环境风险评价

本文运用事故树法分析了火炬熄火事故发生的概率，并结合实例，估计了这种事故排污对环境的影响后果，提出了预防措施。     

基于人体健康模型（IEUBK、ALM）的温岭地区土壤环境铅基准值研究

以浙江温岭市人群(孕妇、儿童)为研究对象,借鉴国际上认可度较高的由美国国家环境保护署开发的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK)及成人血铅模型(ALM),采用实验室检测、问卷调查、文献查询等多种方式优化模型参数,推导出该区域基于人群健康风险的土壤环境铅基准值分别为180 mg·kg-1(IEUBK)、555.6 mg·kg-1(ALM),低于英美等发达国家不同场地铅土壤环境基准值.同时,对2种模型参数进行蒙特卡罗分析,探讨模型单因子变化对预测结果造成的影响.结果发现,IEUBK模型参数中空气、饮用水2种介质的铅暴露浓度敏感性均为50.8%,ALM模型中育龄妇女血铅含量几何标准差GSD、根据设定目标血铅浓度时保护人群的概率水平取值n等参数均呈负敏感性,且敏感性最高分别为-39.6%、-19.5%.由敏感性分析结果可知,呼吸暴露途径对模型结果的影响较为显著且普遍高于经口暴露,但由于经口暴露累加的消化吸收量较高,对模型的预测结果也造成一定程度的影响.本研究中优化模型参数提高推导结果的灵敏度可使预测结果更为科学、准确,降低其不确定性,可为后期我国污染土壤铅基准值的制定提供理论依据.此外,需要说明的是,模型涉及的人群铅暴露途径受体为美国人群,是否完全适合中国人群尚需要进一步研究.     

厌氧折流板反应器处理土霉素废水的潜能和运行特性研究

采用固定水力停留时间(HRT)、逐步提高进水土霉素(OTC)浓度的方式,考察了四格室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理土霉素废水的潜能和运行特性,以期为工程实践提供理论指导和技术参考.结果表明,ABR在pH=7.00~7.50、(35±1)℃、HRT=24 h、进水初始COD为2000.0mg·L-1的条件下启动,经49 d的运行,在进水COD为4500.0 mg·L-1、OTC为0.1 g·m-3·d-1、pH=7.20条件下达到了稳定状态,系统COD去除效率稳定在95.0%左右.在维持进水COD和HRT不变的条件下,通过增加进水OTC浓度的方式将OTC的负荷分阶段提高为1.0、3.3和5.0g·m-3·d-1的过程中,ABR对OTC的去除率略有下降,从59.9%降低到了57.7%,而对COD的去除率则始终保持在95%上下.可见,ABR处理土霉素废水具有有效性和运行稳定性,是值得深入研发的土霉素废水处理工艺.     

三相泡沫灭火剂性能及应用研究进展

本文介绍了近年来国内外三相泡沫灭火剂的研究现状,阐述了三相泡沫灭火剂的组成及制备方法,分析了现有三相泡沫灭火剂在配制和研究中存在的问题,对三相泡沫灭火剂的发展方向做了展望。     

Evaluating the emission status of light-duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles in Macao with real-world remote sensing measurement

Roadside remote sensing measurement was used to explore the real-world emission status of light duty gasoline vehicles （LDGVs） and motorcycles in Macao. Both fuel-based and distance-based emission factors were derived using the mass balance method. The emission concentration profile of LDGVs illustrated the benefits of tightening emission standards at the source country or region of import. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered before 2000 were 8.00, 1.04 and 1.36 g/km, respectively. The distance-based emission factors for CO, HC and NOx of LDGVs registered in or after 2000 were 1.16, 0.15 and 0.18 g/km, respectively. The fuel-based CO emission factors of light duty motorcycles （LDMCs） and heavy duty motorcycles （HDMCs） registered before 2000 were about 10 times higher than those of LDGVs of the same age group. As the emissions of LDGVs decreased more quickly after 2000, the gap widens for newer vehicles. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered before 2000 were 4.81 and 2.91 g/km, respectively. The distance-based HC emission factors of LDMCs and HDMCs registered in or after 2000 were 3.52 and 0.93 g/km, respectively. The poor emission performance of motorcycles and their larger share in the traffic flow will cause them to be the major contributor to traffic CO and HC emissions. LDMCs, especially two-stroke models, should be the priority for vehicle emission control efforts in Macao.     

化学沉淀法处理模拟含铜废水的研究

采用化学沉淀法对模拟含铜废水进行处理,分别考察了反应pH值、温度、沉淀时间、絮凝剂(PAM)用量以及PAM作用下沉淀时间等因素对模拟含铜废水处理的影响,并在最佳条件下对实际含铜废水进行了处理研究。结果表明,采用化学沉淀法处理200 mg/L的模拟含铜废水时,1‰聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的最佳加入比例为30 mg/L,在25℃下,合适的pH值为7.12左右,沉淀时间13 min。在此条件下对来自葫芦岛锌厂的酸性平均含铜为167 mg/L的实际废水继续处理,处理后废水中铜离子浓度平均值为0.87 mg/L,可以实现实际废水中铜离子的有效去除。     

基于RS和GIS的河北省生物丰度和植被覆盖度归一化系数研究

利用河北省生态环境十年变化（2000—2010）遥感调查与评估项目2010年土地利用类型数据,计算河北省2010年省级生物丰度和植被覆盖指数归一化系数,并对各县市的归一化系数进行分析和研究,绘制2010年河北省生物丰度和植被覆盖指数等级图,清晰反映出全省的区域分布特征,为河北省生态环境影响评价研究提供技术支撑。