两种外生菌根真菌对重金属Zn、Cd和Pb耐性的研究

纯培养条件下研究菌根真菌对重金属耐性的前提是选择合适的培养方式且保持重金属的有效性，比较了液体静置、液体摇床和琼脂固体培养3种方式下Cd对点柄粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus granulatus)生长的影响，筛选后确定液体静置培养是一种比较合适的方法，运用液体静置培养方法，研究了重金属Zn、Cd和Pb对点柄粘盖牛肝菌和卷缘桩菇(Paxillus involutus)生长的影响，并利用EC50值评价真菌对Zn、Cd和Pb的耐性。结果表明卷缘桩菇的CdEC50值低于点柄粘盖牛肝菌，但Zn和Pb的EC50值均高于点柄粘盖牛肝菌，表明卷缘桩菇比点柄粘盖牛肝菌更耐Zn和Ph，对Cd却比较敏感。     

Effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the “soft” carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coe cient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 0.007) g/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

可生物降解吸油材料发展现状与研究进展

综述了近年来国内外可生物降解吸油材料的发展情况，探讨了其相关的降解机理及目前可生物解吸油材料发展中仍存在的一些问题，并指出可生物降解吸油材料将具有广阔的应用前景。     

气体生物滴滤池载体性能比较实验研究

通过动态条件挂膜和静态降解曲线比较对丝网、ＡＣＯＦ、聚乙烯多面小球、炉渣等介质作为气体生物滴滤池生物载体材料的性能进行了研究．实验结果表明,４种材料都可用作生物载体材料,各材料的挂膜量比为：丝网ｖＡＣＯＦｖ多面小球ｖ炉渣＝ ７．１４ｖ９．５２ｖ２．０５ｖ１,半降解时间比大致为：丝网ｖＡＣＯＦｖ多面小球ｖ炉渣＝ ０．４３ｖ０．５ｖ０．７ｖ１,网状结构的丝网和ＡＣＯＦ挂膜量大、降解效果好,比表面积大的多面小球次之,炉渣最差．实验还表明：４种挂膜载体在闲置一段时间后,具一定吸附性能的ＡＣＯＦ的降解性能缓冲、恢复效果最佳,短时间的闲置（如２４ｈ）对挂膜载体降解性能损害不明显     

高浓度聚合氯化铝的合成及其形态分布与转化规律

以CaO为碱化剂采用一次加碱法合成了高浓度聚合氯化铝(PAC),研究了其反应特性及产品的铝形态分布与转化规律.结果表明,CaO特殊的水化反应可使PAC达到较高浓度和较高B值,PAC最高浓度可达2.1mol/L,B值为2.1.合成过程中无论高铝浓度体系还是低铝浓度体系,均存在一最佳B值,此B值下产品的Al_b含量最高.最佳B值和最高Al_b含量均随总铝浓度的升高而降低.B值小于最佳B值时,总反应主要表现为生成Al_b;B值大于最佳B值时,总反应表现为生成Al_c.     

保卫蓝天,保卫碧水,保卫地球家园

“环境污染已经成为当前中国发展中的一个重大问题。这个问题至今没有得到很好的解决。‘十五’计划我们大多数的指标都基本完成了，但是坦白地告诉大家，环境指标没有完成。”3月14日，温家宝总理在全国人大中外记者招待会上的这一席话令人深思。     

六磊塘2005～2012年水质变化趋势分析

采用综合污染指数法,评价了六磊塘2005～2012年间在丰水期、平水期、枯水期和全年的水质达标情况,计算了主要污染物的污染负荷,得到了水质的时间变化特征。结果表明,2005—2012年,六磊塘水质呈现改善趋势,水质整体呈现轻到中度污染;枯水期水质污染最重,丰水期和平水期水质污染相对较轻;各主要污染物中,氨氮的污染负荷最大,五日生化需氧量和高锰酸盐指数的污染负荷最小。研究结果为六磊塘的地表水质监测和污染防治等工作提供了重要依据。     

煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术

文章介绍了煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术的机理和３个影响因子，细菌浓度，捕集剂和浮选柱径高比，同时通过与浸出法的比较，微生物浮选示的反应时间比传统的生物脱硫方法大大缩短，脱除黄铁矿硫的效率高，黄铁矿可回收利用，而且不产生大量的酸性废液，煤的质量同时也获得提高，最后，分析了微生物浮选法脱硫技术的３个发展方向。     

Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

基于MAPGIS的湖北房县土地生态环境敏感性分析

区域生态环境敏感性综合评价涉及许多因素,而且生态环境敏感性分区是制定生态环境规划的基础。本文结合湖北房县的实际的生态环境情况,从地质灾害、土地利用的合理程度以及水土流失三大类入手,结合层次分析法和MAPGIS平台对房县进行敏感性分区和评价,最后得出分区保护和治理的建议。通过对房县进行土地生态环境敏感性分区,有助于形成合理的生态规划布局。同时,为土地利用总体规划的合理制定提供了理论指导,为整个鄂西北山区生态功能区划工作打下了坚实的基础并提供了科学的依据。