低碳经济下的秦皇岛休闲农业发展研究

秦皇岛市作为休闲度假旅游胜地,在实施＂旅游立市＂发展战略中把休闲农业作为一个新的经济增长点,在应对低碳时代的发展要求、发展休闲农业方面做出积极实践。通过分析低碳经济下发展休闲农业的必要性和秦皇岛休闲农业的发展现状,提出秦皇岛休闲农业发展的对策和路径选择。     

Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物体系的光解特性

以Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学过程中产生的Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH为主要检测对象,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸配合物体系光化学反应的基本规律及影响因素。结果表明,体系的光化学过程能产生Fe(Ⅱ)和.OH;产生Fe(Ⅱ)的速率远高于产生.OH的速率;Fe(Ⅱ)生成浓度在pH 3.50时最大,.OH则在pH 3.00时最大;配合物的光化学过程中会伴随pH的升高;在照度为3.6×103Lux的日光灯照射下,Fe(Ⅲ)-酒石酸盐配合物初级光解的速率常数为2.1×10-3S-1;Fe(Ⅱ)是高价重金属的主要还原剂,.OH是有机物的主要氧化剂。     

云南宣威肺癌高发区C1煤燃烧排放颗粒物中PAHs的组成特征及健康风险

宣威煤燃烧排放产物与其所导致的肺癌高发率一直是国际学术界关注的热点,但煤燃烧排放颗粒物中的关键致毒组分还不清楚。以肺癌高发区产出的晚二叠世C1煤燃烧排放不同粒径颗粒物为研究对象,分析其中主要有害有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征及其健康风险。结果表明宣威煤燃烧排放的颗粒物中16种PAHs的总质量浓度为77 359.21 ng·m-3,其中含量最高的是苯并(g,h,i)苝,其他主要的PAHs依此为:屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)蒽、荧蒽、二苯并(a,h)蒽、菲、苯并(k)荧蒽、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘;强致癌化合物苯并a芘(Ba P)总浓度亦可达到10 060.13 ng·m-3;这些有害有机物主要分布在细颗粒物中;不同粒径颗粒物的毒性当量存在明显差异,细颗粒的毒性当量占可吸入颗粒物中PAHs总毒性当量的87.4%,远高于粗颗粒(12%)和超细颗粒物(0.4%)的毒性当量。     

莠去津对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响研究

研究了除草剂莠去津对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响。试验结果表明,莠去津浓度不同对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响会不同,随着浓度的升高,对过氧化氢酶活性激活作用有所增强,莠去津对离体过氧化氢酶有一定的激活;336nm处的相对荧光强度不断减弱,酶分子的构象发生了变化．过氧化氢酶分子渐趋紧密。莠去津对过氧化氢酶荧光的猝灭作用主要是由于静态猝灭引起的。     

威海市秋季VOCs污染特征及来源解析

为探究威海市秋季挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征及来源,于2021年9月10—20日采用手工加密监测法对威海市秋季大气中VOCs进行监测,分析了气象因素对臭氧（O₃）及其前体物的影响和VOCs污染特征,并利用正交矩阵因子模型（PMF）方法对VOCs来源进行了研究。结果表明,威海市温度对O₃生成影响明显,尤其是高温、低湿、扩散较差气象条件下,有利于O₃前体物的反应消耗,促使O₃生成及累积。观测期间,威海市秋季φ（VOCs）平均值为47.84×10^-9,VOCs中体积分数占比最高的为含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）,占比为58.0%,其次为烷烃（21.6%）、卤代烃（10.2%）。O₃生成潜势（OFP）平均值为393.95μg/m³,对OFP的贡献占比最高的为OVOCs（74.1%）,其次为芳香烃（12.6%）、烷烃（7.0%）和烯烃（5.4%）。PMF源解析结果显示,机动车尾气排放源、工艺过程源、船舶尾气排放源和溶剂使用源是威海市秋季VOCs排放主要来源,贡献占比分别为30.4%,23.9%,21.1%,16.5%。控制机动车排放和工艺过程排放是控制威海市秋季VOCs污染的重要途径。     

Characteristics of night soil and leaf co-composting using aerobic static method

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of night soil and leaf co-composting using aerobic static composting method. Three influencing factors, including proportion of night soil and leaf, aeration rate and aeration pattern, were investigated through the evolution of the principal physicochemical properties, i.e., temperature, oxygen consumption rate, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and Germination index (GI). It was found that the 3∶1 (w∶w) mixture of night soil and leaf was capable of achieving the highest composting temperature, longest retention time of high temperature (55°C), and fastest organic matter degradation. The 0.14 m³·min^-1·m^-3 aeration rate was most beneficial to composting, and the mixture of night soil and leaf maintained the highest temperature for the longest duration and achieved the highest CO₂ content and GI. The continuous aeration pattern during composting was superior to an intermittent aeration pattern, since the latter delayed the composting process.     

我国危化品安全治理体系与监管能力现代化战略研究

分析了我国危险化学品治理体系和监管能力现代化的必要性和重要性,剖析了治理体系和监管能力现代化的内涵和本质,将治理体系按政策法规体系、政府监管体系、企业执行体系、资源保障体系、社会服务体系和应急救援体系6个维度,监管能力按统筹协调能力、技术支撑能力、现代信息技术的应用能力、监管人员的专业技术能力4个方面进行分析,系统归纳和分析了我国危险化学品安全治理体系与监管能力的现状,与美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家对标分析,并围绕危险化学品全生命周期系统化法规体系建设、监管执法模式改革、安全监管关键技术攻关和创新、"工业互联网+安全生产"监管系统建设、资源保障能力提升、人才队伍建设等方面提出了应对策略和建议。     

离子色谱在监测土霉素结晶母液废水处理过程中土霉素含量的研究

土霉素结晶母液是一种含高硫高氮的高浓度难生物降解有抽废水,有用前置反硝化法对其进行脱氮处理过程中,残留的土霉素等对反硝化有明显的生物和抑制作用,用离子色谱法（以0mniPac PCX-100为分离柱,0.2mol.l^-1盐酸－27.9%乙腈（V／V）为淋洗液）测定经预酸化处理后废水中的土霉素含量,分析结果表明,预酸化处理可以显著降解废水中的土壤素,提高其可生化性,该法6min内即可完成土霉素含量的测定,土霉素的检出限为10ug.l^-1.     

构建和谐社会与高校共青团工作创新

从高校共青团工作面临的新的机遇和挑战出发,就高校共青团组织在构建和谐社会中的主要任务进行探讨,对构建和谐社会进程中共青团工作所面临的问题进行剖析,从而提出了在构建社会主义和谐社会进程中创新青年工作的几点建议,其中包括共青团思想政治工作中工作思路、工作内容、工作手段、工作机制的创新,培育团队的创新能力和大力加强团员青年群体创新能力的开发等推动共青团工作创新的方法.     

Assessing noxious effects of dietary exposure to methylmercury,PCBs and Se coexisting in environmentally contaminated rice in male mice

Polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury are two of the most ubiquitous environmental contaminants in Guizhou province. Rice is eaten with almost every meal and provides more calories than any single food in Guizhou province. The estimated tolerable daily intake of total mercury, MeHg, Se and PCBs from Guizhou contaminated rice by Chinese people showed that MeHg and/or PCBs exceeded the corresponding limits. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of exposure to environmental contaminated rice on neurobehavioral development and neurobiological disruptions in mice. Animals were treated from postnatal day (PND) 22 to 91. At PND 26–91 days of age, mice were tested for neurobehavioural development and neurochemical level changes. We showed that dietary exposure to environmentally contaminated rice gave rise to different changes in antioxidants. Reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and excess increased nitric oxide (NO) indicated aggravation of oxidative status after long-term dietary intake of Hg and PCBs. Neurobehavioral derangement in the central nervous system and significant delay in the Morris water maze test response on PND 91 are correlated with the increased of c-fos/c-jun expression levels in the cerebral cortex. These results suggest that MeHg neurotoxicity might be a greater hazard than that associated with PCB, but PCB may augment the neurobehavioral deficits caused by increased levels of mercury exposure. The simultaneous intake of selenium might have a protective effect on Hg accumulation in the body, and vitamin C might protect mice against the toxic effects of PCBs. However, the protective role of Se and vitamin C is very limited for multiple-agent pollution. Immediately early genes in the brain response to contaminated rice might be dependent on interaction among NO, NO synthase (NOS), SOD and reduced glutathione (GSH). We should be alert to mental health problems in human beings when any kind of Hg- and PCB-polluted food is consumed.