高效脱氮菌增强膜曝气生物反应器处理市政污水

利用自行筛选的好氧反硝化菌（Pseudomonas sp.）添加到膜曝气生物反应器构建高效脱氮菌群增强膜曝气生物反应器来处理市政污水。研究表明,对于高效脱氮菌的附着下形成的增强型膜曝气生物反应器,在COD负荷为7.6 g COD·（m2·d）-1,水力停留时间为5 h下,可使污染物的COD、氨氮及总氮的去除率分别保持在87%、98%和85%以上。总氮去除率比平行对比的传统型膜曝气生物反应器高出10%。DGGE分析显示,筛选菌种在增强型膜曝气生物反应器中比平行膜曝气生物反应器明显增多,从微观上证明了菌种发挥了重要作用。本工艺在生活污水脱氮处理方面有良好的应用前景。     

疏浚技术及其对污染水体治理效果的影响

疏浚技术是控制水体内源污染的有效措施之一。为深入了解疏浚技术应用及治理效果,通过文献研究,综合比较分析了疏浚技术的应用情况、治理效果及其对污染水体生态系统的影响,结果表明:环保疏浚效率高于抓斗式,其他疏浚技术治理效率的报道较少;疏浚技术应用广泛,但工程应用后,污染水体水质改善效果具有显著和不显著的两面性;疏浚效果分为长期、短期和瞬时效应,目前疏浚效果的瞬时效应比较常见;影响疏浚效果的因素有疏浚时机械扰动和疏浚深度,扰动造成底泥颗粒物悬浮和污染物释放,目前疏浚深度为0~90 cm,每项疏浚工程都有特定的去除营养元素效果最好的疏浚深度;疏浚对生物群落的影响分为短期和长期,短期影响生物多样性和生物量,长期影响表现在生物群落的重建。专业疏浚设备的研制、精准疏浚技术和疏浚对内源营养盐的影响等方面还有待进一步研究和深化。     

广州市双岗涌黑臭水体整治案例分析

广州市在城市黑臭水体治理方面取得积极进展,积累了一些先进经验和典型案例。以广州市双岗涌黑臭水体整治为案例,从水环境问题识别、整治思路与措施、治理成效3个方面进行总结与分析。针对双岗涌流域污水未有效截排、小微水体污染严重、河道被侵占、管理缺失等问题,提出控源、截污、清淤、补水、管理的技术路线,实施黑臭水体治理;其中,采用食藻虫引导水下生态修复技术对双岗涌周边3个鱼塘进行修复,构建了食藻虫+沉水植物+微生物共生系统,达到水质净化和恢复水体自然生态系统双重目的。双岗涌整治后,不仅消除了水体黑臭,还恢复了岭南水乡的河涌风貌。     

构建河流生态缓冲带的意义与技术路线(代序言)

水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基.近30年来,随着经济社会的快速发展和城市化、工业化演进,我国河流水环境与水生态问题引起各界高度重视[1].2018年6月,《中共中央国务院关于全面加强生态环境保护坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见》[2]指出,要全面加强生态环境保护,提升生态文明,建设美丽中国,部署实施蓝天、碧水、净土三大保...     

Evaluating the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of low-organic waste at Danish landfills

The biochemical methane potential (BMP) is an essential parameter when using first order decay (FOD) landfill gas (LFG) generation models to estimate methane (CH₄) generation from landfills. Different categories of waste (mixed, shredder and sludge waste) with a low-organic content and temporarily stored combustible waste were sampled from four Danish landfills. The waste was characterized in terms of physical characteristics (TS, VS, TC and TOC) and the BMP was analyzed in batch tests. The experiment was set up in triplicate, including blank and control tests. Waste samples were incubated at 55 °C for more than 60 days, with continuous monitoring of the cumulative CH₄ generation. Results showed that samples of mixed waste and shredder waste had similar BMP results, which was in the range of 5.4–9.1 kg CH₄/ton waste (wet weight) on average. As a calculated consequence, their degradable organic carbon content (DOCC) was in the range of 0.44–0.70% of total weight (wet waste). Numeric values of both parameters were much lower than values of traditional municipal solid waste (MSW), as well as default numeric values in current FOD models. The sludge waste and temporarily stored combustible waste showed BMP values of 51.8–69.6 and 106.6–117.3 kg CH₄/ton waste on average, respectively, and DOCC values of 3.84–5.12% and 7.96–8.74% of total weight. The same category of waste from different Danish landfills did not show significant variation. This research studied the BMP of Danish low-organic waste for the first time, which is important and valuable for using current FOD LFG generation models to estimate realistic CH₄ emissions from modern landfills receiving low-organic waste.     

Binding of phthalates with nuclease increases DNA enzymatic degradation and implication for antibiotic resistance

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The overuse of antibiotics has widely induced the development of antibiotic resistance in pathogens and, in turn, has induced the inefficiency of antibiotic drugs,...     

COD对生物除磷颗粒污泥稳定性影响研究

颗粒污泥稳定性是影响其应用的主要因素之一.以SBR中成熟的生物除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,探讨进水COD浓度对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明,当进水COD浓度由300 mg/L逐渐升高到500 mg/L时,磷去除率由93%降低到88%;当进水COD浓度在400 mg/L以下时,污泥的最大比释磷速率和比吸磷速率分别为45.2 m...     

联合硅藻土与PAC强化混凝处理含藻微污染原水

研究了联合硅藻土与聚合氯化铝（PAC）强化混凝对原水中藻类、溶解性有机物以及重金属离子的去除效果。结果表明,硅藻土的投加可以有效地改善絮体的沉降性能,增强藻类的混凝沉淀去除效率,PAC投加量为30 mg/L时,投加0.1 g/L硅藻土,叶绿素a去除率由82.5%提高到95.9%。该强化混凝过程使原水中溶解性有机物特别是大分子有机物和重金属离子的去除率有所上升。PAC投加量为30 mg/L,硅藻土投加量为1.5 g/L时,重金属Cu、Pb和Cd的去除率分别达到57.5%、83.7%和22.2%。     

Fiber Spinning of Polyacrylonitrile Grafted Soy Protein in an Ionic Liquid/DMSO Mixture Solvent

The effects of ionic liquid BMIMCL (1-buthyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-chloride) on the solution of soy protein isolate (SPI) were first studied. In situ polymerization of acrylonitrile monomer in the presence of SPI was conducted in a BMIMCL/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixture solvent to produce SPI-g-PAN. This graft polymer was blended with pure PAN in BMIMCL/DMSO (1:5) and spun into fiber using a wet spinning method. The effects of SPI content and solution temperature on the viscoelasticity of the spinning dope were studied. FTIR, DSC and solution studies were used to confirm the grafting of PAN. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the spun fibers under different draw ratios were investigated.     

螺旋藻和菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水简

利用螺旋藻、由真菌和螺旋藻组成的菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水,旨在为啤酒废水的资源化利用提供一条可行的途径。由螺旋藻和真菌形成的菌丝球组成菌-藻共生系统处理啤酒废水,与螺旋藻单独处理废水作对比,比较两者的废水净化效果以及螺旋藻的生长情况。从2组实验对比情况来看,菌-藻共生系统对啤酒废水的处理效果更好。螺旋藻和菌-藻共生系统对啤酒废水中几种主要污染物的去除率分别为：COD 70.59%和77.81%,TN 70.17%和84.28%,TP 37.99%和50.88%。螺旋藻在废水中生长积累的蛋白质含量最高可达49.71%,明显高于在Zarrouk培养基中的螺旋藻蛋白含量（38.57%）。研究结果表明,螺旋藻及菌-藻共生系统对啤酒废水有较好的净化作用,所得螺旋藻生物质可用于加工饲料、饵料、色素的提取等。