TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系(O3/H2O2/TS-1)对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸(初始浓度为100 mg/L)的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

乳化液膜体系去除电解锰废水中的Mn2+

采用乳化液膜法处理电解锰废水,考察制乳条件和提取条件对去除效果的影响。研究结果表明最佳制乳条件为:4%(V/V)span-80做表面活性剂,3%二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯做载体,柴油做膜溶剂,用NaOH调节内水相pH为12,制乳时间为10 min,油内比2∶1;最佳提取条件:外水相pH为6～7、乳水比1∶10、提取时间10 min。制得的乳化液膜对电解锰废水中的Mn2+去除率可高达99.99%,出水Mn2+浓度低于2mg/L,实现水质达标排放。     

ABR+复合人工湿地处理分散性生活污水的中试研究

研究了ABR+复合人工湿地组合工艺处理分散性生活污水的运行效能及ABR中颗粒污泥的特性。结果表明:在pH和温度的范围分别为6.5～8.5,17.0～28.8℃,ABR和复合人工湿地的HRT分别为3 h(容积负荷平均为1.3 kgCOD/(m3.d)及1.3 d(水力负荷平均为24.6 cm/d)的条件下,系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP和浊度均有较好的去除效果,其平均去除率分别为76%、69%、56%、87%和86%,出水浓度平均分别为37 mg/L、2.73 mg/L、6.93 mg/L、0.18 mg/L和5.05 NTU,ABR中形成了性状良好的颗粒污泥。     

生态文明建设背景下绿色社区创建的思考——以杭州市西湖区为例

西湖区区级以上绿色社区50%的覆盖率与城镇化趋势和生态文明建设的高目标还不相适应。与省市绿色社区指标相比,区级指标倾向于公众参与和居民自治,建议从区域环境质量、节能减排、生态文化、"三产"等方面进行补充,并提出量化指标、设置否决指标、动态管理和复查退出机制、绿色示范工程、环境认证管理及碳汇林试点等对策。     

National Park Development in China: Conservation or Commercialization?

The rapid development of parks and ecotourism in China has attracted worldwide attention, not only for the beauty of the landscape that the parks are protecting but also for their abundant and often unique biodiversity. However, in some areas, the development of ecotourism has actually led to the degradation of local ecological, economic, and social systems. Using National Forest Parks for demonstration, this article analyzes the current political, institutional, legal, environmental, and economic issues concerning National Parks in China, and examines their potential future development. Although the intention of National Park systems in China is to raise environmental quality, and to protect biodiversity and social livelihoods, their success has varied. Future success will be measured by their capacity to reduce poverty, to promote long-term rehabilitation of wildlife habitats, and to simultaneously protect Chinese culture and biodiversity.     

华北一次暴雨过程的螺旋度分析

采用ARPS数值模式对华北的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,详细分析了该过程螺旋性结构的建立与发展过程。结果表明:螺旋度的高低空配置对诊断对流系统的发生发展和暴雨的落区有重要的指导意义;xy-螺旋度锋区内靠近正值区的一侧有利于暴雨的发生,但反映的降水落区范围较实际的要大;高层z-螺旋度负值区范围及数值的明显增大预示着对流系统的发展和降水率的增大;低层z-螺旋度在3.25 km高度处的正值中心区与降水落区对应较好;与xy-螺旋度相比,z-螺旋度给出了更为精准的降水位置,是一个能够综合反映系统维持、发展以及天气现象剧烈程度的参数。     

Risk Assessment of Carbon Sequestration for Terrestrial Ecosystems in China

Climate change will alter the capacity of carbon sequestration,and the risk assessment of carbon sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems will be helpful to the decision-making for climate change countermeasures and international climate negotiations.Based on the net ecosystem productivity of terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model,each grid of the risk criterion was set by time series trend analysis.Then the risks of carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems were investigated.The results show that,in the IPCCSRES-B2 climate scenario,climate change will bring risks of carbon sequestration,and the high-risk level will dominate terrestrial ecosystems.The risk would expand with the increase of warming degree.By the end of the long-term of this century,about 60% of the whole country will face the risk;Northwest China,mountainous areas in Northeast China,middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River areas,Southwest China and Southeast China tend to be extremely vulnerable.Risk levels in most regions are likely to grow with the increase of warming degree,and this increase will mainly occur during the near-term to mid-term.Northwest China will become an area of high risks,and deciduous coniferous forests,temperate mixed forests and desert grassland tend to be extremely vulnerable.     

Simultaneous detection and degradation patterns of kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin residues in citrus fruits by HPLC combined with QuEChERS

This study aimed to investigate the residues, kinetics and dissipation patterns of kresoxim-methyl, (E)-methoxyimino[α-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl]acetate, and trifloxystrobin, methyl(E)-methoxyimino-{(E)-α[1-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)ethylideneaminooxy]-o-tolyl}acetate”. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) method combined with the ‘Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe' (QuEChERS) protocol was developed to quantify the levels of kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin residues in citrus. More than 97% of the kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin deposists gradually dissipated from the citrus peels within 15 days. The half-lives of kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin in the peels were in the ranges of 2.63–2.66 d and 3.12–3.15 d, respectively, and the pattern of decline in the peels followed first-order kinetics. The kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin residues in the pulp dissipated below the detectable level of 0.01 mg kg^?1 after 9 days. Kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin were easily decomposed (T_1/2 < 30 d), and the observed dissipation patterns could support the application of these two fungicides in the postharvest storage of citrus fruits.     

加油站场地油品渗漏探测及土壤污染评估

用洛阳铲采集某地区10座地下贮罐罐龄接近或超过10年的典型加油站场地不同深度土样,并分别用吹脱/捕集/热脱附/气相色谱法和快速溶剂萃取/硅酸镁净化/气相色谱法分析样品中的挥发性和萃取性石油烃,发现2座加油站疑似油品渗漏,其中1座为柴油渗漏,地下贮罐附近1.2 ～3.0 m深度土壤总石油烃含量16.1 ～24.6 g/kg,均超过荷兰土壤清除标准,另1座为汽油和柴油混合渗漏,其地下贮罐附近2.4m深度土壤总石油烃含量较高,但未超标.个别加油站场地较高的土壤天然有机物背景值可能计入EPH的分析结果,但其色谱指纹明显不同于石油烃.     

用赤泥捕集二氧化碳

以拜耳法生产氧化铝产生的赤泥为捕集剂,对CO₂进行捕集,考察了液固比、反应温度、搅拌速率、CO₂流量对单位CO₂捕集量（以每克赤泥捕集的CO₂质量计）和赤泥脱碱率（以钠去除率计）的影响。实验结果表明：在液固比为7#x02236;1、反应温度为30℃、搅拌转速为500r/min、CO₂流量为200mL/min的最佳实验条件下,最大单位CO₂捕集量为0.0263g/g,赤泥的脱碱率可达到42.43%。赤泥具有较强的捕集CO₂的能力,因此,利用固体废弃物赤泥吸收工业废气中的CO₂可以达到以废治废的目的。