ABR-生物接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液

采用ABR反应器与生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明:该工艺对COD具有较高的去除率,对水力负荷、容积负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,在处理垃圾渗滤液方面具有一定的工艺先进性。     

ARC/INFO软件系统在农业土地资源评价中的应用

具有几个土地要素层的综合土地单元制图在土地研究中正在获得日益广泛的应用,它是计算机制图的基础。腾冲农业土地资源评价是在 ARC/INFO 软件系统支持下,在综合土地单元图的基础上进行的。 本研究通过对比,应用了评价模式 TT=V1*(V2+V3+V4)/3*0.01,根据土地对农业利用的适宜程度,将腾冲地区的土地分为四个适宜性等级。     

人体周血中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系—357例污染区农民核突的检测

据国内外有关资料报道,人体周血中性粒细胞核突与恶性肿瘤有密切关系。而恶性肿瘤与环境污染有关也是众所周知的.但有关环境污染与中性粒细胞核突关系的研究,国外尚未见报道.国内只有陈丽玑等作过初步报道,并认为环境污染越严重,人的中性粒细胞核突率越高。为进一步探讨中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系,以发现人体因持续接触小剂量有害物质而引起的慢性损害,并找出一种能快速、简易、直接检测污染物损害人体健康的早期生物学指标的方法,我们对湖北省鸭儿湖氧化塘周围6个村357例农民的中性粒细胞核突进行了观察.     

Kinetic study of permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene at a high pH under acidic conditions

Since carbon compounds are the main component of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), the end products of all in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) will include carbon dioxide. If the production rate of carbon dioxide exceeds the capacity of water to remove the carbon dioxide, degassing will occur. The uncontrolled carbon dioxide gas may change the flow patterns, remobilize the pooled DNAPL, transport DNAPL vapor, and reduce the relative permeability to the aqueous phase. Under high pH buffered conditions, most of the carbon dioxide will be dissolved in water. In this study, potassium permanganate oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was conducted using a sodium carbonate buffered solution (1 g/L, pH = 10.6 ± 0.1) at three different temperatures (5, 10, and 20°C) and three potassium permanganate concentrations (0.2, 1, and 5 g/L). Extensive kinetic studies suggest that the overall oxidation is a second‐order reaction and pseudo‐first‐order with respect to PCE and potassium permanganate, respectively. The second‐order rate constant and the activation energy were 0.028 ± 0.001 M^?1s^?1 at 20°C and 43.9 ± 2.85 kJ/M, respectively. This study provides a base for further experimental and field studies on potassium permanganate oxidation of PCE under natural or artificial high pH buffered conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An Optimization Method Based on Scenario Analysis for Watershed Management Under Uncertainty

In conjunction with socioeconomic development in watersheds, increasingly challenging problems, such as scarcity of water resources and environmental deterioration, have arisen. Watershed management is a useful tool for dealing with these issues and maintaining sustainable development at the watershed scale. The complex and uncertain characteristics of watershed systems have a great impact on decisions about countermeasures and other techniques that will be applied in the future. An optimization method based on scenario analysis is proposed in this paper as a means of handling watershed management under uncertainty. This method integrates system analysis, forecast methods, and scenario analysis, as well as the contributions of stakeholders and experts, into a comprehensive framework. The proposed method comprises four steps: system analyses, a listing of potential engineering techniques and countermeasures, scenario analyses, and the optimal selection of countermeasures and engineering techniques. The proposed method was applied to the case of the Lake Qionghai watershed in southwestern China, and the results are reported in this paper. This case study demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to deal efficiently with uncertainties at the watershed level. Moreover, this method takes into consideration the interests of different groups, which is crucial for successful watershed management. In particular, social, economic, environmental, and resource systems are all considered in order to improve the applicability of the method. In short, the optimization method based on scenario analysis proposed here is a valuable tool for watershed management.     

金城造纸厂综合污水处理工程调试运行

总结了采用好氧工艺处理造纸工业废水中各个不同调试阶段及对应的工艺运行参数。该废水难生化降解,其ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)值在23.3%左右,而且废水中N、P等营养元素含量不足。通过投加尿素和磷酸氢二氨,使均质池TN、TP含量满足微生物生长;同时降低进水ρ(COD)值至1500mg/L,提高曝气池溶解氧量至3.0mg/L,污泥浓度至4500mg/L,将COD污泥负荷从最初0.45～0.55kg/(kg·d)逐渐下降到0.30～0.35kg/(kg·d),经过2个月的调试运行,出水各参数达到设计排放标准:COD为450mg/L、BOD5为25mg/L、pH为6.8。     

油田化学剂生物毒性的测定及其分级标准

通过试验建立了测定油田化学剂生物毒性的发光细菌法。用发光细菌法测定了几十种钻井/完井液添加剂和钻井／完井液体系的生物毒性，并在此基础上提出了油田化学剂生物毒性的分级标准。     

基于GM（1,1）模型的秦皇岛市大气污染物SO2预测

根据2004—2009年大气中SO2污染物的监测数据,通过灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了未来6年秦皇岛市大气中SO2的变化趋势。结果显示,灰色系统GM(1,1)模型合理,精度较高,相对误差为-1.875%～1.228%,与环保部门公布的数据吻合程度较好。     

多中心治理下公众参与大气污染防治路径探析

动员全社会力量保护环境,积极推动公众参与环保工作,是解决环境保护问题的根本途径。运用多中心治理理论分析,发现政府治污理念陈旧、制度不健全、公众责任意识淡漠、环保社会组织弱小等,是我国大气污染治理中公众参与度低的主要原因,因此提出转变观念、完善机制、加强教育、支持和引导环保社会组织,促进公众参与的多元治理模式的形成,真正推动大气环境质量的改善。     

生态文明建设背景下绿色社区创建的思考——以杭州市西湖区为例

西湖区区级以上绿色社区50%的覆盖率与城镇化趋势和生态文明建设的高目标还不相适应。与省市绿色社区指标相比,区级指标倾向于公众参与和居民自治,建议从区域环境质量、节能减排、生态文化、"三产"等方面进行补充,并提出量化指标、设置否决指标、动态管理和复查退出机制、绿色示范工程、环境认证管理及碳汇林试点等对策。