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341.
金沙江流域水土流失现状与河道泥沙分析 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
对金沙江流域水土流失、河道泥沙及主要影响因素系统作了分析,认为地质、地貌及气候因子是影响水土流失的主要因素,人为活动加剧水土流失的发生发展。河道泥沙主要来自金沙江下游,特别是下游干流河谷区间,流域的地面侵蚀与河道泥沙的空间关系不密切,影响输沙量的主要因素为年径流量和清水区年径流量,以及滑坡、泥石流等重力侵蚀,尽管水土流失治理对于流域的河道泥沙减沙效应显著,但短期内对流域干支流输沙量影响甚微。今后一段时间内金沙江流域河道泥沙不会有显著的变化 相似文献
342.
武汉地区防汛抗洪中存在的几个主要问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
简述了1998年武汉市防汛抗洪中存在的几个主要问题,并提出了相应的对策与建议. 相似文献
343.
344.
由震洪相关回顾性预测1870年长江特大洪水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1870 年长江特大洪水是多因叠加和强化的结果, 因之要预测它也要从各方面去研究。如特大洪水前的先行降雨和洪水所反映的大气环流状况及太阳活动情况等。本文把1931 年、1954年、1991 年长江大洪水前一年内缅甸北部有7 级以上大震及1998 年长江大洪前一年内缅北有6级左右震群集中活动的相关指标移用于1870 年长江特大洪水前, 发现其前一年, 即1869 年缅北亦有7 级以上大震发生。震洪相关的物理机制是与地震活动有关的地下放气使孟加拉湾向长江流域输送的水气更多,如遇北方冷气团南下则降大雨致洪。另外,1870 年长江洪水之所以比1931 年、1954 年、1991 年和1998 年长江洪水还大, 我们认为1870 年4 月11 日在长江上游山区有7 级以上大震发生, 且震前有大雪发生, 是叠加在前述致洪因素上的另一因素。 相似文献
345.
介绍了锦州东港电力有限公司地震台多年来应用超低频电磁信息探索地震前兆所总结出的异常形态分别与远震、近震、地方震的对应实例,揭示了ULF电磁波异常与将要发生地震映震的一些初步规律,说明了电磁波是地震短临预报的好方法。 相似文献
346.
Chen B Li Y Huang GH Huang Y Li Y 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(4):613-626
A GIS-aided pesticide loss model (PeLM) was developed to simulate pesticide losses through surface runoff and sediment transport in watershed systems. The PeLM could tackle the movement of eroded soil along with surface runoff as well as the pesticide losses in adsorbed and dissolved phases. The contributions of different soil types in the sediment were also examined. The model was applied to the Kintore Creek Watershed of southern Ontario, Canada. The simulation results were verified through observed data, indicating a correlation level of 0.89-0.98. The results also showed that clay particles usually held the largest share of contributions to pesticide losses through soil erosion. This study is significant in the efforts for modeling nonpoint source pollution in watershed systems. It provides useful information and support for the related decisions of watershed management. 相似文献
347.
煤层底板采动导水破坏深度计算的神经网络方法 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在综合分析影响煤层底板采动导水破坏深度因素的基础上 ,应用人工神经网络方法 ,建立了底板破坏深度的计算模型。该模型利用现场观测资料作为学习训练样本和测试样本 ,对模型的测算结果、理论计算值和实测值进行了对比分析。结果表明 :用神经网络方法计算底板破坏深度考虑的因素更加全面 ,结果更接近于实际。笔者研究的计算模型和测算方法 ,为承压水上安全采煤决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
348.
Cao Junji Lee Shungcheng Zheng Xiangdong Ho Kinfai Zhang Xiaoye Guo Hai Chow Judith C. Wang Hongbin 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(2):213-229
In April 1998, two intense dust storms were generated in CentralAsia and transported eastward across East Asia (15 and 19 April). This article presents the chemical characterization ofHong Kong (HK) aerosols during the dust storms. During the 15 Aprildust storm, hourly respiratory suspended particles (RSP)(particle diameter smaller than 10 m) concentrationsmonitored at 7 sites in Hong Kong reached the peak valuessynchronously between 9 and 11 a.m. on 17 April, in which thehighest concentration was 267 g m-3. Analysis ofthe RSP samples showed that concentrations of crustalelements (Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, K+) and anthropogenicspecies (As, Ni, Pb, Zn, NH4
+, NO3
-,SO4
2- and total carbon) were substantiallyenhanced. Enhancement of these species was more than afactor of 2 to 14 relative to the non dust period. The totalcarbon content was high, at 59 g m-3 (notincluding carbonate), and the enrichment factors of Asand Pb on 17 April were 122 and 117, respectively. Thisimplied that anthropogenic materials together with mineraldust were transported to HK from Mainland China. Based onmaterial balance calculations, mineral dust contributed41% to the observed RSP mass on 17 April, which was 2 times thatof the nondust sample (22%). From the 5-day backwardtrajectory analysis, this storm was transported directlyfrom Northwest China to HK. However, there was nocorresponding observation for the 19 April dust stormaerosol. Consequently, 15 April storm had stronger impact onHK's atmosphere than 19 April storm. Compared to the HK AirQuality Objective, 15 April dust storm did not cause seriousair pollution in HK. 相似文献
349.
The
spatial pattern of ecosystem function can affect ecosystem conservation. Ecosystem functions are often heterogeneous spatially due to physical and biological factors. We can influence ecosystem functions by changing the spatial patterns of the physical and biological elements of an ecosystem and regulating their combinations. The variation–position effect highlights a phenomenon resulting from the spatial pattern of ecosystem function. The effect shows that the identical variation of a factor may produce different effects on the overall situation when this variation occurs in a different spatial position. In a watershed of the Yangtze River, water retention is a primary ecosystem function. The variation–position effect for water retention capacity occurs in the watershed because of the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation, soil, and slope. The change of vegetation that occurs in a complex can affect the overall situation of water retention, and the effect can be different due to the change occurring in the
position holding different vegetation-soil-slope complex. To improve the ecosystem in the watershed and to meet the social needs for the ecosystem function of water retention, a strategy called ecosystem function and spatial pattern-based forest extension was proposed to conserve forests. The implementation of the strategy enables the watershed to attain the maximum effective increase in water retention capacity. 相似文献
350.
中国可持续发展信息共享现状和展望 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文阐述了开展可持续发展信息共享的的意义和存在的障碍,介绍了信息共享的现状和中国持续发展信息网的成就,提出了深入开展信息共享的对策建议。 相似文献