Ca and OH release of ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud

Lime mud is a kind of solid waste in the papermaking industry, which has been a source of serious environmental pollution. Ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite were prepared from lime mud and fly ash through the solid state reaction method at 1050°C. The objective of this study was to explore the efficiency of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release and assess the phosphorus and copper ion removal performance of the ceramsites via batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Ca^2 + and OH⁻ were released from the ceramsites due to the dissolution of anorthite, gehlenite and available lime. It is also concluded that gehlenite had stronger capacity for Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release compared with anorthite. The Ca^2 + release could be fit well by the Avrami kinetic model. Increases of porosity, dosage and temperature were associated with increases in the concentrations of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ released. Under different conditions, the ceramsites could maintain aqueous solutions in alkaline conditions (pH = 9.3–10.9) and the release of Ca^2 + was not affected. The removal rates of phosphorus and copper ions were as high as 96.88% and 96.81%, respectively. The final pH values of both phosphorus and copper ions solutions changed slightly. The reuse of lime mud in the form of ceramsites is an effective strategy.     

Preparation of MgCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> from waste tannery solution and effect of sulfate,chloride, and calcium on leachability of chromium

This paper presents a study regarding the preparation of MgCr₂O₄ from waste tannery solution, and chromium leaching behavior is also investigated with varying amounts of sulfate, chloride and calcium. The phase transformation, crystallinity index and crystallite diameter were characterized using XRD, FT-IR and thermal analysis. A well-crystallized MgCr₂O₄ was successfully prepared at 1400 °C. The sintering temperature had a major impact on the formation of MgCr₂O₄ compared with sintering time. The MgCr₂O₄ phase was observed initially at 400 °C and its crystallite diameter increased with increasing temperature. The concentration of total chromium leached and Cr(VI) decreased gradually with increasing temperature. The considerable amount of Cr(VI) was found in the leachate at 300–500 °C caused by Cr(VI) intermediary products. Sulfate and chlorine could impact the transformation efficiency of chromium adversely, and chlorine has a more significant effect than sulfate. The presence of calcium disturbed the formation of MgCr₂O₄ and new chromium species (CaCrO₄) appeared, which resulted in a sharp increase in the concentration of leached Cr(VI). Incorporating Cr(III) into the MgCr₂O₄ spinel for reusable products reduced its mobility significantly. This was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the disposal of chromium containing waste resource.     

Preparation, characterization and performance of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposite membranes in removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate

Nanocomposite membranes containing poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by a combination of solution dispersion and wet-phase inversion methods, and the effects of OMMT addition on the properties and performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes were investigated. The membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential. The performance of the membranes was elucidated by the removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at neutral pH. Increasing OMMT concentration improved the thermal stability and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The permeation and rejection of PFOS were significantly improved. The performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes in removal of PFOS varied depending on the solute and membrane properties as well as solution conditions. Finally, a comparison between fabricated membranes and a commercial NF membrane (ESNA1-K1, Hydecanme) proved that the OMMT addition is a convenient procedure for producing nanocomposite membranes with superior properties and performance.     

植物法改性类Fenton反应催化剂降解甲基橙

采用银杏叶和桑叶提取液制备了改性类Fenton反应催化剂并进行了表征分析,研究了溶液初始p H、反应温度、催化剂加入量、甲基橙初始质量浓度等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响,同时考察了催化剂的重复使用效果。表征结果表明:制备出的催化剂为Fe_2O_3和Fe OOH的混合物;桑叶改性催化剂的粒径分布较银杏叶改性催化剂均匀,粒径较小,比表面积较大。实验结果表明:在初始p H为6.23、反应温度60℃、催化剂用量1 g/L、甲基橙初始质量浓度100 mg/L的条件下,银杏叶改性催化剂的甲基橙降解率为99.40%,桑叶改性催化剂的甲基橙降解率为99.96%;碱性条件下,甲基橙降解率仍接近100%,扩宽了反应的p H适用范围,为碱性条件下处理偶氮染料提供了新思路;催化剂重复使用6次之后,甲基橙降解率仍可达到99%。根据反应前后溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱,初步探讨了降解机理。     

某矿区农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价及形态分析研究

对广西某矿区农田土壤中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg进行潜在生态风险评价及存在形态分析.结果表明,研究区域Cd为极强危害程度,Pb和Hg为很强危害程度,Zn为中等危害程度,所有采样点位均处于很强危害程度,其中主要的贡献来自于Cd.形态分析结果表明,Cd以可交换态为主,Pb以碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态为主,Zn以残渣态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化态为主,Hg以残渣态和有机结合态为主.次生相与原生相分布比值法与潜在生态风险评价法评价结果存在差异,两种方法的评价结果均应加以考虑.     

镇江城市生物多样性现状研究

利用生态卫星遥感解析数据,评价得出镇江市生态环境质量指数维持在良好等级。对镇江市鸟类现状、森林生态系统植被现状、生物入侵情况进行了调查总结,分析了生物多样性变化的客观原因,并提出保护中存在的不足方面。     

基于产业链的企业知识治理结构与要素研究

以产业链为连接的企业知识活动,是产业知识结构的重要组成部分.对企业知识治理要素的分析,可借助产业链知识转移理论从产业层面进行研究.通过借助产业链结构框架,分析企业知识活动特征,构建知识转移SECI模型,研究企业知识治理的结构,探究影响企业知识治理的要素构成.     

绿色建筑植物资源信息系统的构建及应用

在前期研究的基础上,应用计算机技术建立绿色建筑植物资源信息系统(Green Building Plant Resources Information System,GBPRIS),该系统包括植物基本特征数据库、植物生态功能数据库、植物群落数据库和评价体系数据库4个基础数据库.共收录500种植物和上海常见48个植物群落的信息,将植物的生物学特性、生态习性及各项生态功能信息规范化、数字化输入,降低了绿色建筑适生植物选择的专业性要求,并具有多途径搜索、快速查询文档和图片的功能,既能用于对现有绿化体系进行评价,有针对性地提出改进意见,也可用于对建筑室外绿化规划设计进行预评价,为绿色建筑的绿化配置提供科学参考.