中国固体废物法规体系框架分析

固体废物污染与其它环境污染不同,具有综合性、长期性和潜在性。固体废物管理更为强调综合利用和全过程管理,必须通过立法建立科学完善的法律制度来加强固体废物的管理。有关固体废物污染防治的法律、法规、部门规章、地方法规和环境技术标准构成了固体废物法规体系的基本框架。在系统分析现有固体废物法规中存在的问题的基础上,对固体废物管理的法规框架进行了探讨。通过立法,以“统一协调,分工负责”的原则规范各部门对固体废物的管理职能。还强调通过立法、健全监督机制、从法律上限制个人对行政权的滥用、制订技术政策与环境技术标准。除了行政责任外,论文还着重强调了环境违法者的民事责任和刑事责任。     

农业节水和南水北调对华北平原可持续水管理的影响

针对华北平原可持续水管理中存在的问题,采用MIKE SHE模型和SD模型耦合的方式,设定现状保持、农业节水和南水北调等3种情景,模拟2014~2028年农业节水和南水北调对华北平原可持续水管理的影响。结果表明：（1）农业节水的实施对华北平原可持续水管理有一定影响,模拟期末的缺水指数下降15.8%,非充分灌溉和减少灌溉量分别使得地下水储量恢复约0.06和0.12 m;（2）南水北调显著降低缺水指数（下降50.7%）,地下水水位和含水层储量出现较大的恢复（含水层储量恢复1.12 m）;（3）华北平原短期内无法解决缺水问题,但通过多种途径结合,倡导节约用水,提高用水效率,引入区域外的水,可以有效地缓解华北平原的缺水问题,保证水资源的可持续利用和发展。     

Interspecific competition between Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa on different phosphorus substrates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phosphorus (P) is responsible for algal growth and the structural changes in algal communities. Therefore, it is essential to know whether the...     

微塑料污染现状及控制对策

目前,微塑料作为水环境中一种最新型的污染物受到越来越广泛的关注,因不足5mm的微小粒径,使其能够进入环境循环系统从而对环境和人体健康造成极大的威胁。针对微塑料污染问题,本文在对微塑料现状分析的基础上,提出对微塑料控制的对策和建议,积极采取行动,减少微塑料垃圾的产生量,并对已经产生的微塑料进行无害化处理。     

Co-application of energy uncoupling and ultrafiltration in sludge treatment: Evaluations of sludge reduction,supernatant recovery and membrane fouling control

• Effects of metabolic uncouplers addition on sludge reduction were carried out. • TCS addition effectively inhibited ATP synthesis and reduced sludge yield. • The effluent quality such as TOC and ammonia deteriorated but not significantly. • Suitable dosage retarded biofouling during sludge water recovery by UF membrane. Energy uncoupling is often used for sludge reduction because it is easy to operate and does not require a significant amount of extra equipments (i.e. no additional tank required). However, over time the supernatant extracted using this method can deteriorate, ultimately requiring further treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane process for sludge water recovery after the sludge had undergone an energy uncoupling treatment (using 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS)). Energy uncoupling was found to break apart sludge floc by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Analysis of supernatant indicated that when energy uncoupling and membrane filtration were co-applied and the TCS dosage was below 30 mg/L, there was no significant deterioration in organic component removal. However, ammonia and phosphate concentrations were found to increase as the concentration of TCS added increased. Additionally, due to low sludge concentrations and EPS contents, addition of 30–60 mg/L TCS during sludge reduction increased the permeate flux (two times higher than the control) and decreased the hydraulic reversible and cake layer resistances. In contrast, high dosage of TCS aggravated membrane fouling by forming compact fouling layers. In general, this study found that the co-application of energy uncoupling and membrane filtration processes represents an effective alternative method for simultaneous sludge reduction and sludge supernatant recovery.     

A dual-permeability hydro-biodegradation model for leachate recirculation and settlement in bioreactor landfills

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A dual-permeability hydro-biodegradation model is developed to describe the leachate flow in municipal solid waste (MSW) and predict the long-term...     

Study on desulfurization performance of MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-based activated carbon from waste coconut shell for diesel emissions control

Increasing concern about the air pollution caused by sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from diesel exhaust has resulted in the improvement of low-temperature desulfurization materials for the combined SO₂ trap. In this study, coconut shell activated carbon (AC) is pretreated by nitric acid to prepare MnO₂-based activated carbon materials for SO₂ removal. The prepared materials are characterized intensively by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. The SO₂ capture capacity of these materials are measured at low temperature by thermogravimetry, and the SO₂ equilibrium adsorption characteristic is also investigated. The results show that the concentrations of nitric acid do not significantly change the textural properties of MnO₂-based AC materials. The content of surface-oxygenated groups (carbonyl carbon and transition) initially increases with the HNO₃ concentration rising and reaches the maximum value when the HNO₃ concentration is 10 mol/L, resulting in the enhancement of the SO₂ capture capacity. SO₂ capture capacity of MnO₂-based activated carbon decreases after regeneration and keeps stable after several cycles of thermal regeneration. The experimental data for SO₂ adsorption on MnO₂-based AC composite can fit the Freundlich model well in comparison with Langmuir model.     

Novel Fabrication of PAA/PVA/Yeast Superabsorbent with Interpenetrating Polymer Network for pH-Dependent Selective Adsorption of Dyes

Traditional superabsorbent polymers have wide application potential as an adsorbent, but the poor physical and mechanical properties limit their further applications. To tentatively overcome this dilemma, a novel poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/yeast superabsorbent polymers (PAA/PVA/yeast SAPs) with interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were fabricated herein via solution polymerization. The mechanical stability tests showed that the resulting products could desirably resist the destruction of shear flow (<5000 rpm) and load pressure (<3 kg). The effects of yeast content, pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were systematically studied to evaluate their adsorption properties. Consecutive five cycles of adsorption–desorption indicated that their easy regeneration and reusability. More importantly, the PVA/PAA/yeast SAPs displayed brilliant pH-dependent selective adsorption for dyes in dye mixtures. It is believed hereby that the PAA/PVA/yeast SAPs can be expected to be economically and technically feasible for the scalable treatment of dyes wastewater.     

Eddy current separation of broken lithium battery products in consideration of the shape factor

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Among the common recycling methods for lithium battery materials, pyrometallurgy recycling leads to high energy consumption and carbon emission...     

基于疲劳原理探究超(超)临界电站锅炉减温器失效模式

本文总结介绍了常见炉型超(超)临界电站锅炉减温器的布置方式和结构形式,并以上海锅炉厂生产的SG-3005/29.3-M7008型超超临界锅炉再热器微量喷水减温器为例,基于水汽温差作用下产生的热疲劳和蒸汽高速冲刷产生的机械振动疲劳原理,探究总结了喷水减温器的失效模式,并提出了设计、制造安装、运行及检验建议.