Spatiotemporal dynamic differences of energy-related CO2 emissions and the related driven factors in six regions of China during two decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon neutrality lays out a grand blueprint for carbon emission reduction and climate governance in China. How to reduce energy consumption is the...     

A comparative study of removal efficiency of organic contaminant in landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater under micro-nano-bubble and common bubble aeration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater is widespread all over the world. In order to study the organic contaminant removal efficiency of landfill...     

The effects of polyethersulfone and Nylon 6 micromembrane filters on the pyraclostrobin detection: adsorption performance and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorption of test substances on micromembrane filters during sample pretreatment before qualitative and quantitative analysis has greatly affected...     

市政污水处理场的景观设计

论述景观设计在市政污水处理场建设中的重要性。从景观设计分类的角度，对市政污水处理场建筑造型设计、造景组合进行分析和探讨，并结合具体设计方案讨论这一课题。     

基于需求与供给理论的甘肃省人口土地承载力研究

从供给和需求平衡的经济学视角,运用生态能值分析的研究方法,对2006年-2012年甘肃省农业土地人口承载力进行了实证研究.发现中国取消农业税政策提高了农民生产积极性,同时发现近年来甘肃省农业土地能值供给无法满足人口能值需求,但供需差距在缩小,预计未来十数年内随着农业产业化生产及农业科技的提高,甘肃省将实现农业土地产出和人口能值需求的自给自足.     

A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based approach to adaptation to regional climate change: a case study of Okutama-machi,Tokyo, Japan

Recently, local governments have an increasing need to take extensive and effective local measures to adapt to regional climate change, but have difficulty knowing how and when to adapt to such change. This study aims: 1) to characterize an efficient and cost-effective database management tool (DMT) for developing a Geographic Information System (GIS) based approach to using observed and projected data, for decision-making by non-expert government authorities, and 2) to document how DMT can be used to provide specialized yet understandable climate change information to assist local decision-makers in clarifying regional priorities within a wide array of adaptation options. The DMT combines climate change mapping, statistical GIS, and a vulnerability assessment. Okutama-machi, a 225.63 km² sparsely populated mountainous region (2012 population 5,856) northwest of Tokyo, Japan, was chosen for this pilot study. In this paper, the most recent regional climate projections (5 km resolution) are transcribed into an understandable form for use by non-expert citizens who use the GIS-based DMT. Results illustrate qualitative agreement in projection of summer daily mean temperatures; the mean temperature increase at Okutama-machi is the greatest of any area in Tokyo. In comparing near future and future conditions, August monthly mean temperature will increase more than 0.7–0.9 °C and 2.8–2.9 °C, and monthly precipitation by 50 % and 25–41 %, respectively. However, the root mean square (RMS) errors and bias of percentage change for monthly precipitation in summertime are 26.8 % and 4.3 %, respectively. These data provide an early warning and have implications for local climate policy response.     

城市生活垃圾处理中的碳排放及其评价模型研究

城市生活垃圾是温室气体的重要排放源,研究其碳排放评价模型意义重大.本文介绍了温室气体减排的履约机制和垃圾处理碳排放的常用评价模型,并重点强调了CO2ZW模型的适用性和优点,为垃圾处理碳排放的评价引入了新工具.选择适合中国国情和各地特点的碳排放评价模型,有助于推动固废处理行业的低碳生产和保持国民经济的可持续发展.     

广西苍梧马尾松林和大叶栎林的火行为比较

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是中国南方大面积造林的树种,也是抗火能力最弱的树种。研究了广西苍梧11龄马尾松用材林和4龄大叶栎萌芽林在正常冬季和干旱夏季情景下的火行为,用behaveplus计算了火线强度、蔓延速度、树冠火可能性等参数。结果表明,两种林分在干旱夏季的火行为高于在正常冬季的火行为。无论是在正常冬季还是在干旱夏季,都没有出现马尾松可燃物模型的火行为一致高于大叶栎可燃物模型的情况;天气、地形、可燃物床结构对可燃物含水率有很大影响,而含水率是火行为的决定因素。虽然大叶栎被划分为难燃树种,大叶栎萌芽林的火行为高于成年大叶栎乔木林,苍梧大叶栎萌芽林在极端干旱的夏季情景有被火把点燃的可能性。如果将大叶栎萌芽林作为防火林带使用,需要经常清除林下枯枝落叶,割除黑莎草,减少细小可燃物。     

A Simulation Study on the Efficacy of Advanced Belt Restraints to Mitigate the Effects of Obesity for Rear-Seat Occupant Protection in Frontal Crashes

Objective: Recent field data analyses have shown that the safety advantages of rear seats relative to the front seats have decreased in newer vehicles. Separately, the risks of certain injuries have been found to be higher for obese occupants. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of advanced belt features on the protection of rear-seat occupants with a range of body mass index (BMI) in frontal crashes.

Methods: Whole-body finite element human models with 4 BMI levels (25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m²) developed previously were used in this study. A total of 52 frontal crash simulations were conducted, including 4 simulations with a standard rear-seat, 3-point belt and 48 simulations with advanced belt features. The parameters varied in the simulations included BMI, load limit, anchor pretensioner, and lap belt routing relative to the pelvis. The injury measurements analyzed in this study included head and hip excursions, normalized chest deflection, and torso angle (defined as the angle between the hip–shoulder line and the vertical direction). Analyses of covariance were used to test the significance (P <.05) of the results.

Results: Higher BMI was associated with greater head and hip excursions and larger normalized chest deflection. Higher belt routing increased the hip excursion and torso angle, which indicates a higher submarining risk, whereas the anchor pretensioner reduced hip excursion and torso angle. Lower load limits decreased the normalized chest deflection but increased the head excursion. Normalized chest deflection had a positive correlation with maximum torso angle. Occupants with higher BMI have to use higher load limits to reach head excursions similar to those in lower BMI occupants.

Discussion and Conclusion: The simulation results suggest that optimizing load limiter and adding pretensioner(s) can reduce injury risks associated with obesity, but conflicting effects on head and chest injuries were observed. This study demonstrated the feasibility and importance of using human models to investigate protection for occupants with various BMI levels. A seat belt system capable of adapting to occupant size and body shape will improve protection for obese occupants in rear seats.     

磁性吸附材料的制备及其在污水处理中的应用

磁性吸附材料是利用多种物理化学作用来处理水体中的无机污染物和有机污染物,其具有的磁性便于与污水分离,有利于集中处理污染物,具有快速、高效、可重复利用等优点。从Fe3O4磁性颗粒和纳米磁性粒子出发,对磁性吸附材料的制备以及其在污水处理中的应用研究进展进行综述,并对磁性吸附材料今后的研究方向进行展望。